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There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.

But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools.

You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.

【小题1】Open education allows the students to ______ .
A.grow as the educated
B.be responsible for their future
C.develop their own interests
D.discover subjects outside class
【小题2】Open education may be a good idea for the students who ______ .
A.enjoy learning
B.do well in a traditional classroom
C.worry about grades
D.are responsible for what they do in life
【小题3】Some students will do little in an open classroom because ______.
A.they worry about the rules
B.there are too few rules
C.they hate activities
D.open education is similar to the traditional education
【小题4】Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? ______
A.Some traditional teachers do not like it
B.Many teachers do not believe in open education
C.The teacher's feelings and attitudes are important to the students
D.Teachers may have problems in open classrooms
19-20高二上·贵州毕节·期末
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Stained glass artists create different designs by making cuts on the glass to “score” it and then breaking off the pattern that they want to use in the finished product. The most difficult cut in stained glass is called an inside cut. Basically, it’s a curved line where you throw away the part inside of the curve. The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored glass are broken apart.

As the artist talked about inside cuts, he said, “The glass will break into pieces if you try to cut too much off at once. The best way to do an inside cut is to slice off smaller curves piece-by-piece. In fact, it’s not just the best way lo do it, but it’s the only way to do it.”

How many times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince ourselves that we can do this all the time. We’ll commit to transforming our diet overnight or we get inspired to launch a business in a weekend or we finally get motivated to work out and push ourselves to the edge of burning out.

Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting by slicing a shallow curve and breaking a small piece off, you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off until you have your full inside cut. By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves, you prevent the glass from breaking as it change shape.

Of course, change isn’t easy — no mailer how you do it. Slow gains are boring, but if we keep making small improvements, then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands instead of a bunch of broken pieces.

【小题1】Why is an inside cut believed to be most difficult?
A.It needs a one-and-only design.B.It calls for nothing but inspiration.
C.The edges of the curve break easily.D.The glass inside the curve is easily broken.
【小题2】What mistakes are easily made according to paragraph 3?
A.Being too eager to make improvements.
B.Being too worried about the final outcome.
C.Trying to make a complete change all at once.
D.Developing to focus on progress instead of achievements.
【小题3】What does the author suggest by saying “slicing a shallow cure”?
A.Moving forward with a clear aim.
B.Starting slow and improving little by little.
C.Developing a new habit with great determination,
D.Handling something major first and ignore the minor part.
【小题4】What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To show his love of stained glass.B.To introduce the skill of an inside cut.
C.To appreciate designs of stained glass artists.D.To share his opinions on how to make a change.

Have you ever wondered what the longest word in the English language is? Believe it or not, there’s no simple answer to the question. You might think it would be as easy as opening a dictionary and looking for the longest word. However, it’ s far more complicated than that.

Over time, many people have suggested many different words for the title of the longest word in English. How can that be? That’s because the first thing that people have different opinions on is what should be considered a word. Some of the words were simply made up to be the longest! For example, there is one really famous long word that most kids know. It comes from Disney’s movie Mary Poppins: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, which means wonderful. But since that 34-letter word was made up simply to be sung as a song in a movie, should it count?

How about long words that actually describe something in the world? Scientists have come up with several possible choices. The name of a virus totals 1, 185 letters. There’s also a protein whose name totals 1, 909 letters. Should these win the title? “Not so fast!” say some people. Are these words ever actually used? Can they even be pronounced? And are they meaningful just because they are made up to be long?

If you’re wondering about some long words in common English, here are some examples. Those words include uncharacteristically (20 letters), deinstitutionalization (22 letters) and counterrevolutionaries (also 22 letters). Or perhaps the word “smiles” is the longest word in English. Sure, it has only six letters, but there is a “mile” between the first and the last letters!

【小题1】What is the first thing to consider when we decide the longest word?
A.Whether it is a real word.B.Whether it can be pronounced.
C.Whether it is used in daily life.D.Whether it can be understood.
【小题2】Why does the author mention the underlined questions in paragraph 3?
A.To express the writer’s concern.B.To compare different ideas.
C.To amuse readers.D.To show people’s doubt.
【小题3】How does the author sound in the last paragraph?
A.Proud.B.Humorous.
C.Excited.D.Surprised.
【小题4】The text is mainly about _________________________.
A.English words change a lot as time goes by
B.it is hard to decide what the longest word is
C.long words are often used in scientific fields
D.why we can’t understand some English words
Need for closure is a psychological term that describes a person's desire for a firm answer to a question. Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty. Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure. It likely evolved via natural selection.
What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation we're in. Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe, and it matters much more when we're rushed, or bored, or tired. Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase, and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions: who we decide to trust, whether we admit we're wrong and even how creative we are.
In hiring, for instance, a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression. It's called the Urgency Effect. In one experiment, psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them, right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate, that they'll be responsible in some way for them, or that their judgments have serious consequences.
In making any big decision, it's not enough just to know that we should take our time. We all know that important decisions shouldn't be rushed. The problem is that we don't keep that advice in mind when it matters. So, one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders. Before making important decisions, write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be. Also, think about how much pressure you're under. If your need for closure is particularly high that day, it's even more important to think twice.
【小题1】How does "need for closure" probably come into being?
A.By accident.B.By nature.
C.By acquiring.D.By imitating.
【小题2】It can be inferred that a high need for closure ______.
A.brings about more stress
B.leads to not so good decisions
C.causes discomfort and uncertainty
D.promotes one's creativity
【小题3】In the experiment the psychologists reduced participants’ need for closure by telling them to ______.
A.value their first impression
B.be responsible for their boss
C.be cautious about their judgments
D.pay little attention to the consequences
【小题4】What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A.More helpful solutions to high need for closure.
B.Some serious consequences of making decisions.
C.Other approaches to making important decisions.
D.Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life.

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