Small numbers of people per household on average use more energy and goods per person. Greater numbers of households require more natural resources for construction. The possible result of this problem may be insufficient natural resources to meet consumer demand without endangering habitats important to biodiversity.
Personal freedom and social choice may come at huge environmental cost. Direct costs include visible damage to animal habitats and plant life. Indirect costs include the release of more greenhouse gases.
The effects of such “personal freedom and social choice” have already surfaced in south-west China’s Wolong Nature Reserve. In Wolong, they found that a reduced average household size was directly tied to an increase in homes, and thus an increase in the amount of firewood consumed for cooking and heating. The rise in wood fuel use has contributed to disappearance of forests and to the loss of habitats for giant pandas.
Curious about whether other parts of the world were experiencing similar phenomena, they got the support of a team of researchers including Stanford’s Paul Ehrlich, well-known for his population studies, to find out the household dynamics in 141 countries between 1985 and 2000. Their study proved that the difficult choice of Wolong is part of a global trend.
In the 76 countries considered biodiversity “hotspots”, such as the United States, Brazil, Australia, and Kenya, the number of households grew by 3.1% every year, while the population increased just 1.8%. Meanwhile, the number of people per home dropped from 4.7 to 4.0. The decline in household size has resulted in 155 million additional households in hotspot countries, almost always limiting biodiversity.
In the 10 non-hotspot countries — those without high-density areas of animal and plant species — similar results were found, though on a lesser scale. Even in countries experiencing population decline, such as New Zealand, the number of households still increased because of a reduction in household size.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “insufficient” mean?A.Plenty of. | B.Not enough. | C.Abundant. | D.Little. |
A.is facing the same threat as many other parts of the world |
B.sets a good example in protecting animals |
C.is a place where giant pandas and their habitats are not affected |
D.is a place where animals and their habitats are seriously damaged |
A.Biodiversity is better kept in countries with smaller populations. |
B.Biodiversity is better kept in hotspot countries. |
C.The threat to nature from reduction in household size is a worldwide problem. |
D.Both hotspot countries and non-hotspot countries face the threat of the same scale. |
A.Reduced household size leads to an increase in household number. |
B.Modern homes consume more natural resources. |
C.How to meet consumer demand without endangering animals and their habitats. |
D.Reduction in household size as well as increase in household number threatens nature. |
I enjoyed this trip for the opportunity to witness the Cranes (鹤) returning from Wood Buffalo National Park, some with their young of the year. I wondered, at the changing skies of Saskatchewan, often the vivid oranges and pinks of a sunset made me pause, but it was the clouds of feathers as ducks, geese, and cranes lifted off fields and lakes in numbers so numerous, they blocked out the sky at times, that blew my mind.
The desire to travel and explore is strong within the human condition. We might think we must journey “away” to enjoy a holiday, and sometimes we do. But other times, a simpler exploration, digging deeply into landscapes and cultures that we think we know, reveals the best sights.
I grew up in Saskachewan when cranes were fighting back from extinction, and I wasn’t a birdwatcher. But, returning with Eagle-Eye Tours as a bird-loving RCGS Travel Ambassador, I wondered at the conservation successes that allowed us to find these rare birds reliably.
My favourite memory from the trip is of an old farmer driving a large truck who slowed down for our group, standing in the middle of a road, excitedly watching a flock of cranes. Rather than scolding us for blocking traffic, he invited us into his backyard for a better view! He explained how he’s been providing quiet reserves for many years as the birds stop to rest and feed before flying south to Texas. It’s moments like this that make the travel special, and companies like Eagle-Eye Tours craft itineraries (行程) that allow these unexpected discoveries.
I enjoyed sharing these experiences with other nature lovers on the Royal Canadian Geographical Society branded trip and look forward to doing it again in October 2024.
【小题1】What do the changing skies indicate?A.The worsening environment. | B.The coming change of the weather. |
C.The imbalance of nature. | D.The success of protecting cranes. |
A.A trip of relaxation. | B.A trip of exploration. |
C.A trip of friendship. | D.A trip of protection. |
A.To explain why the protection goes well. |
B.To describe how local people live their life. |
C.To show that farmers are friendly to tourists. |
D.To prove that everyone is a true bird lover. |
At Bamfield, a coastal community in British Columbia, Canada, 84-year-old Louis Druehl is guiding the Kelp Express along the shore. For 51 years, the boat has taken him to Kelp Bay. There, ropes of seaweed are growing beneath the water’s surface. Seaweed is Druehl’s life.
People think of forests as the best protection against climate change.
Seaweed might fight climate change. But it isn’t without its risks. If it isn’t harvested, it can rot and put carbon back into the air or water. Growing too much of it can also affect the amount of light that reaches species living deeper in the water.
A.But some researchers say seaweed is a better way. |
B.That will be dangerous for underwater ecosystems. |
C.Seaweed can also become a key global food source. |
D.When the seaweed plants die, they will be burned for fuel. |
E.In the past 10 years, global seaweed production has doubled. |
F.He has studied, farmed, cooked it, and written a book about it. |
G.Trees make a big difference to the improvement of the environment. |
As a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家), Charlotte Young can often see unforgettable sights. But nothing has touched her quite like an experience she had while she was doing wildlife research with her partner, George Chislett. The British couple was searching for turtle hatchlings (刚孵化的小海龟) on a beach in Oman when they came across a creature who really needed their help.
Hopelessly stuck in n rocky crevice (裂缝) was a large green sea turtle. The turtle had been on her way back to the water after laying eggs when she fell between the rocks. While she tried to escape, her efforts only made her get more deeply stuck in the crevice. Without help, she would have died, but instead she fell into the perfect pair’s hands.
But freeing her was no easy task Green sea turtles can weigh up to 350 pounds, which meant Charlotte wasn’t strong enough to lift her out. Even with George’s help, she wasn’t able to move the helpless creature. They fruitlessly pushed and pulled for some time before realizing they would have to try something else. Meanwhile, the poor turtle was experiencing more and more anguish.
That’s when they had a bright idea. They saw a piece of wood nearby and wondered if it would make good leverage (杠杆作用). It did! With the board wedged (楔入) under the turtle, they finally began making progress. Using all their remaining strength, Charlotte and George lifted her up and out of her prison!
“We did it!” Charlotte cried as she and George celebrated with a high five.
Thank goodness Charlotte and George were in the right place at the right time — and had the determination and creativity needed to save the turtle.
【小题1】What do we know about Charlotte Young?A.She married a marine ecologist. | B.She was doing research on turtles. |
C.She met the turtle on her way to work. | D.She went to the beach to save animals. |
A.She was trapped between rocks. | B.She laid her eggs in n rocky crevice. |
C.She was too tired to go back to ye sea. | D.She almost escaped when she saw the couple |
A.Fear. | B.Stress. | C.Suffering. | D.Confusion. |
A.An amazing rescue. | B.An impossible task. |
C.An exciting adventure. | D.An unexpected discovery. |
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