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Your local grocery store is a psychological minefield (布雷区),where even the bananas are ripe with mystery.

1Southpaws (左撇子) have an invisible (看不见的) advantage

You've probably seen that stores keep go-to items—produce,meats,dairy—on the outer edge.But did you notice that most of them are set up to make you run counterclockwise (逆时针)? Ninety percent of us are right-handed,so we buy more when it's counterclockwise.You'll also often find the dairy section in the back left corner:Because dairy is likely on your list,stores make sure you take the longest route to get there.In fairness,it's also a more convenient place to put a fridge.

2Everything is in its place

It's safe to say that nothing you see on a shelf is there by chance.The cookies on sale at the end of a passage are likely the result of smart product placement.More expensive items are usually placed at an adult's eye level,while colorful treats and other products for kids are positioned lower—to catch the attention of children.

3Time goes by so slowly

Stores rarely have windows or clocks.With no reference to the outside world,customers can easily lose track of how long they've been there so that they can buy more.Grocery stores may use another trick to control your sense of time: small floor tiles (瓷砖).

【小题1】Why do stores usually put dairy in the back left corner?
A.Because it is a quiet place.
B.To attract people's attention.
C.To make people buy more.
D.Because most people are right-handed.
【小题2】You are more likely to find toys________.
A.in cornersB.at the end of a passage
C.at an adult's eye levelD.on lower shelves
【小题3】Why are there usually no windows or clocks in stores?
A.They are useless.B.To make customers stay longer.
C.There is no space for them.D.To allow customers to enjoy themselves.
【小题4】Which can be the best title for the text?
A.Advantages of storesB.Secrets of stores
C.How to shop in storesD.How to operate a store
19-20高二上·山西晋城·阶段练习
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Are you a compulsive (强迫性的) spender, or do you hold on to your money as long as possible? Are you a bargain hunter? Would you rather use charge accounts than pay cash? Your answers to these questions will reflect your personality. According to psychologists, our individual money habits not only show our beliefs and values, but can also stem from past problems.
Experts in psychology believe that for many people, money is an important symbol of strength and influence. Husbands who complain about their wives’ spending habits may be afraid that they are losing power in their marriage. Wives, on the other hand, may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry at their husbands. In addition, many people consider money a symbol of love. They spend it on their family and friends to express love, or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love.
People can be addicted to different things — for example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. They are compulsive in their addictions, i.e. they must satisfy these needs to feel comfortable. In the same way, according to psychologists, compulsive spenders must spend money. For people who buy on credit, furthermore, charge accounts are even more exciting than money: in other words, they feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasures in spending enormous amounts are actually greater than those they get from the things they buy.
There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, etc. in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy(疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money: they give them “assignments”. If a person buys something in every store that he enters, for instance, a therapist might teach him self-discipline in this way: on the first day of his therapy, he must go into a store, stay five minutes, and then leave. On the second day, he should stay for ten minutes and try something on. On the third day, he stays for fifteen minutes, asks the salesclerk a question, but does not buy anything. Soon he will learn that nothing bad will happen to him if he doesn’t buy anything, and he can solve the problem of his compulsive buying.
【小题1】If you use charge accounts, ______.
A.you pay in cash
B.you pay with credit card
C.you pay less than you should
D.you pay more than you should
【小题2】Compulsive bargain hunters buy things for all the following reasons except that ______.
A.the things they buy are cheap
B.they believe they can balance their budgets
C.they get psychological satisfaction
D.they really need the things they buy
【小题3】Behavior therapy in this case aims at ______.
A.helping businessmen to increase their business
B.helping compulsive spenders to buy less
C.finding out how people will react if they are allowed to buy
D.finding out what people will do in front of a bargain
【小题4】The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A.different thingsB.their addictions
C.their pleasuresD.charge accounts
【小题5】From the passage we can conclude that ______________.
A.how you spend money reflects if you are psychologically healthy
B.money is a necessity and will bring you happiness if you have much
C.compulsive buying problems can be solved by taking some medicine
D.all businessmen understand well the psychology of customers

Online shopping has become very popular in recent years. It’s a brand new way for shopping, and at the same time, it saves money because items sold online are much cheaper. Therefore, customers from different countries are changing their ways of shopping. As for some wise men, they find another way to save much more money-using online coupons(优惠券)to shop. Online coupons enable them to get the items they want to buy much cheaper.

As we all know, sometimes manufacturers, shops, restaurants and entertainment clubs will provide special offers. For example, a shirt asks for $100, but if a coupon is used, the customers may get the shirt at $90. Sometimes, by using a coupon, one can luckily get a free product. Online coupons work in the same way; online shoppers get discounts by using online coupons.

In this case, you are advised to do some research to make sure whether there is a coupon or vouchers(代币券)concerned with the items you want to buy online. Then comes the point where to find online coupons. Usually there are three ways:

1. Find the official websites of the brands. To promote sales, some brands will offer online coupons on their own websites.

2. Visit the special coupon websites. There are special websites where coupons from many shops, restaurants and so on are gathered. Buyers input(输入)keys of coupons they are fond of, and thousands of related coupons in different cities in America will be listed. To narrow down your list, just click the district you are located in.

3. Pay attention to some social websites. To let more people know coupon information, some shops will show their information on social websites where a lot of online buyers visit.

Because information on the Internet often cannot be cleaned in time, much invalid information will be searched out. So when you find a proper coupon, please don’t get carried away. Read the information carefully, ensuring that they have not expired(失效)yet. If interested, you can visit Couponeed. com to find coupons and save money.

【小题1】Why does the author give the example of a shirt in Paragraph 2?
A.To show how to get free products.
B.To show how to find useful websites.
C.To show the benefits of shopping online.
D.To help explain how online coupons work.
【小题2】Some brands offer online coupons on their own websites for the purpose of____.
A.helping sell more products
B.offering some new products
C.selling their products at higher prices
D.making their websites more attractive
【小题3】In which section of a website could this passage be found?
A.Culture.B.Economy.
C.Education.D.Entertainment.
【小题4】What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph that follows the passage?
A.Another way to save money.
B.Some useful coupon websites.
C.The benefits of shopping online.
D.Some coupons on Couponeed. com.

One of the biggest challenges faced by brick- and-mortar retailers(实体零售店) in recent years has been the" showrooming". Driven by the desire to get the best prices, many shoppers are now visiting stores to check on products that interest them, only to leave and then buy the items online. The new trend is forcing retailers to find out new ways to keep consumers from leaving their stores for cheaper prices online.

Smart phones have pushed showrooming into the front. Shoppers no longer have to wait until they get home to see if they can find a cheaper price for the products they're considering buying. With smart phones, consumers can now compare online prices with those of brick-and-mortar stores while still inside a retail store. If they can find what they're seeking with less money online, the majority will seek the first exit. A recent study showed that 45 percent of consumers shopping at brick-and-mortar stores walk out and make their purchase online for a discount of as little as 2. 5 percent.

This puts pressure on retailers to provide both an in-store experience worth staying and an online presence that can attract shoppers who are showrooming in other businesses.

To cut down on showrooming, many retailers are adopting new methods to keep shoppers in their stores. Among the steps they're taking are price-matching guarantees that allow shoppers to pay a discounted price if they find it cheaper online. This ensures that even a showrooming shopper can make the purchase in the store regardless of whether he finds the cheaper price online.

Another popular method of fighting against showrooming is to give shoppers the ability to buy something online and pick it up at the store. This reduces shipping costs and gets customers in the store, where they may be encouraged to make an additional purchase.

It is also important for businesses to take into consideration what makes shoppers purchase something in a store rather than online, and meet those needs. Research has found that more than 8 in 10 Americans consider the most important aspects--being able to take the goods home immediately and the ability to touch and feel them when they are deciding to purchase in a store rather than online.

【小题1】According to the passage, what does a showrooming shopper tend to do?
A.Pay for everything online.
B.Purchase online for a lower price.
C.Rush to buy things in a store.
D.Have better bargaining skills.
【小题2】What contributes to growing popularity of showrooming?
A.The advertisement by online retail giants.
B.The competition among big stores.
C.The wide use of smart phones.
D.The decline of the brick-and-mortar stores.
【小题3】What does the underlined words "seek the first exit" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Search for lower prices.
B.Make a purchase at once.
C.Locate the nearest exit quickly.
D.Leave as soon as possible.
【小题4】What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?
A.Ways of increasing sales at stores.
B.Ways of promoting purchase online.
C.Ways of satisfying customers needs.
D.Ways of advising shoppers to buy more.

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