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We know that our pet dogs and cats can recognize our faces, but our pet fish? A team of scientists from the UK and Australia have discovered that archer-fish(喷水鱼) can distinguish human faces!

This marks the first time that a species of fish has shown such an ability. Such abilities have been previously shown in birds, but unlike fish, they have been proven to possess structures similar to the neocortex(大脑新皮层), the researchers added.

“Being able to distinguish between a large number of human faces is a surprisingly difficult task, ” Dr Newport said, “mainly due to the fact that all human faces share the same basic features.”

During their experiments, Dr Newport and her colleagues presented archerfish with two images of human faces, and trained them to choose one by spitting jets(喷射流)of water at that picture. Next, the fish were presented with the familiar face and several that were unfamiliar, and were able to correctly pick the one that they had been trained to recognize, even when features such as head shape and color were removed from the selected pictures.

In the first experiment, the archerfish were tasked with picking the previously learned face from a group of 44 new ones, which they did with 81 percent accuracy. In the second, the researchers decided to make things a little harder. They took the pictures and made them black and white and evened out (使平均) the head shapes. You would think that would throw the fish for a loop. But no, they were able to pick the familiar face even then—and with more accuracy: 86%!

“Fish have a simpler brain than humans and entirely lack the section of the brain that humans use for recognizing faces. Despite this, fish may still be capable of finding the face they are trained to recognize,” Dr Newport said. “The fact that archerfish can learn this task suggests that complicated brains are not necessarily needed to recognize human faces.”

【小题1】What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.SpeciesB.Birds.
C.Fish.D.Abilities.
【小题2】The research shows that ________.
A.archerfish are cleverer than other fishes.
B.all fishes can be trained to recognize human faces.
C.complex brains are not necessary for facial recognition.
D.it is very difficult for animals to recognize human faces.
【小题3】We can infer from the text that ______
A.archerfish have a good memory.
B.archerfish can only recognize human faces.
C.people’s similar physical appearance limits archerfish’s facial recognition.
D.archerfish can recognize the familiar face even if its head shape and color are changed.
【小题4】The text is most likely to appear in _______.
A.a biology textbookB.a medical report
C.a science fictionD.a science magazine
19-20高二上·辽宁沈阳·阶段练习
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The Hodgeheg

By now it was quite late. The rush hour was over. The shops were shut. All was quiet. I'll wait, thought Max, and then when a car or truck comes along, I'll cross in front of it.

Soon he saw something coming. It was a truck. He was halfway across when he suddenly realized that the truck hadn't slowed at all and was almost on top of him, blinding him with its brilliant lights, deafening him with its thunderous roar. It was not going to stop! Trucks stopped only for people-not hedgehogs!

The truck driver had been quite unaware of the tiny pedestrian. With no time to brake, he straddled the little animal. Looking back in his mirror, he saw that it was continuing on its way unhurt, and he grinned and drove on into the night.

The horror of this great monster passing above with its huge wheels on either side of him threw Max into a blind panic, and he made for the end of the crossing as fast as his legs would carry him. He did not see the cyclist and the cyclist, who did not see him until the last moment, caught Max on the bottom and threw him headfirst into the roadside.

The next thing that Max recalled was crawling painfully. Somehow he had managed to come back. He had known nothing of the concern of the cyclist, who had stared at what looked like a small dead hedgehog, sighed, and rode sadly away. He remembered nothing of his journey home, guided only by his sense of smell. All he knew was that he had an awful headache.

The family crowded around him on his return, all talking at once.

“Where have you been all this time?” asked Ma.

“Are you all right, son?” asked Pa.

“Did you cross the road?” they both said, and Peony, Pansy, and Petunia echoed, “Did you? Did you? Did you?”

For a while, Max did not reply. His thoughts were muddled(混乱的), and when he did speak, his words were disordered, too.

“I've got a head on the bump,” he said slowly.

The family looked at one another.

“Something bot me on the hittom,” said Max, “and then I headed my bang. My ache bads headly.”

“But did you cross the road?” cried his sisters.

“Yes,” said Max. “I hound where the humans cross over, but…”

“But the traffic only stops if you're a human?” interrupted Pa.

“Yes,” said Max. “Not if you're a hodgeheg.”

【小题1】What's the correct order of the events that happened?
① Max got hit on the bottom and bumped the head.
② Max explained what led him to such a situation.
③ Max was surrounded by the family who were curious and concerned.
④ Max waited for the chance to cross the street.
⑤ Max narrowly escaped being hit by the truck.
⑥ Max managed to return home.
A.④⑤①⑥②③B.④⑤①⑥③②C.④①⑤⑥②③D.④①⑤⑥③②
【小题2】What can we infer from the passage?
A.Max wanted to find out how to cross the road safely when a vehicle came along.
B.Max was seriously injured, so he hurried to the end of the crossing.
C.The cyclist sighed sadly because he believed the truck driver had killed Max.
D.Peony, Pansy, and Petunia,who echoed “Did you?” were Max's brothers.
【小题3】Why is the word “Hodgeheg” in the title misspelled?
A.The writer intends to convey some moral ideas to his readers.
B.Readers may wonder what is special about the writer's writing techniques.
C.It is typical of writers to be creative and try unique ideas.
D.Readers' curiosity can be aroused and they will continue reading.
【小题4】Which of the following can best describe the tone of the writer?
A.Serious.B.Concerned.C.Casual.D.Humorous.
【小题5】Where can we probably find the passage?
A.Science fiction.B.Travel brochure.
C.Children's tales.D.Traffic guidebook.

CAMBODIA—The “world’s loneliest elephant” has been resettled at a nature reserve (保护区) in the Oddar Meanchey Province after receiving some help from singer Cher recently.

Kaavan, a 36-year-old, 9,000-pound elephant, was given the nickname after he suffered from emotional and physical problems while living in a zoo in Pakistan for 35 years. During that time, Kaavan was mostly tied in his enclosure (圈用地), and when his partner died in 2012, her body lay next to him for several days before it was removed. Doctors said Kaavan was overweight, malnourished (营养不良的) and suffering from behavioral problems due to loneliness.

Cher, who has been advocating Kaavan’s resettlement, met with Pakistani Prime Minister on Friday and later visited Kaavan in the zoo. Kaavan was tested for COVID-19 before his seven-hour journey, during which 440 pounds of food were prepared. A doctor took care of him on the flight and worked with Four Paws, the animal rescue group that organized the move. He said Kaavan did not seem stressed and even slept during the flight. Very few elephants have been relocated by plane, according to Four Paws.

On Monday, Kaavan arrived in Cambodia and made his way north by truck to his new home. Once he feels settled, he will be set free from his enclosure and allowed to wander around the reserve, which houses about 600 Asian elephants. Experts say Kaavan will get a long term of psychological and physical treatment. Years of living in an enclosure with poor flooring has caused his nail to crack and overgrow and he has developed a habit of shaking his head back and forth for hours, which is believed to be out of boredom.

The elephant has lost half a ton since his diet was changed to fruit and vegetables. The zoo where he spent much of his life has been ordered to shut down.

【小题1】What do we know about the elephant?
A.It had a weight problem.
B.It was kept free in the zoo.
C.It was all alone in his enclosure.
D.It lived in a reserve for 35 years.
【小题2】According to the text, which of the following can best describe the move?
A.Dangerous.B.Uncomfortable.C.Well-organized.D.Wide-spread.
【小题3】What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The introduction to his new home.
B.The further arrangements for Kaavan.
C.The cause of Kaavan’s health problems.
D.The medical treatment Kaavan will receive.
【小题4】What is the text?
A.A news report.
B.A short story of an elephant.
C.A research article.
D.An advertisement to a nature reserve.

Listening to birds sing or watching them fly is more than just entertaining. Being around birds offers benefits for emotional well-being, a new study finds.

Researchers used a phone app to collect information on how this specific nature exposure could be good for mental wellness.

“Most previous studies have looked at the benefits of nature as a whole,” says lead author Ryan Hammoud, a research assistant at King’s College London. “We chose to focus on birdlife to try and understand which specific characteristics of nature benefit mental health. None of the previous studies had investigated this in real-time and real-world contexts.

For their experiments, researchers used the Urban Mind app to follow 1,292 people who completed nearly 27,000 assessments. Participants were from the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United States. Three times each day, the app asked users whether they could hear or see birds. They were asked to answer follow-up questions on their mental state at the time, so researchers could see if there was a connection and how long it lasted.

Mental well-being was measured with questions about whether they were feeling confident, relaxed, happy, for example, or more negative feelings such as whether they felt anxious, stressed, or lonely.

The study collected data on people who have mental health conditions and those without. They discovered that bird activity is linked to improvements in emotional health in those who don’t have mental health concerns, as well as those who have been diagnosed with depression. They discovered that the effects were still observed in the following assessment which was up to eight hours later.

This exciting research shows just how much the sight and the sound of birdsong lift the spirits. It captures evidence that our senses are stimulated by birdsong, which is a precious part of nature that should be experienced.

【小题1】In what way is the research different from previous ones?
A.It discovered the entertaining part of birds.
B.It looks at humans as a valuable part of nature.
C.It looks at the benefits of a specific aspect of nature.
D.It discovered the contributing factors to emotional health.
【小题2】Why did Urban Mind app ask the participants questions?
A.To cheer up the participants.
B.To provide real-time guidance.
C.To record the locations of birds.
D.To collect data for the research.
【小题3】What can be learned about the effect birds have on the participants?
A.It lasts for hours.
B.It’s still uncertain.
C.It depends on health conditions.
D.It’s linked to where the birds are seen.
【小题4】Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.Nature Exposure Is Good for Mental Wellness
B.Seeing or Hearing Birds Is Good for Well-being
C.Scientists Are Researching into Specific Characteristics of Nature
D.A Phone App Is Helping Collect Data in Real-world Experiments

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