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A child who suffers bullying(霸凌) usually has low self-esteem and their ability to learn and be successful at school is greatly lessened. Therefore, bullying must be stopped.

The best and most obvious way to stop bullying in schools is for parents to change the way they raise their children at home. Of course, this is much easier said than done and everyone raises their children differently. Bullies, however, come from homes where physical punishment is used and children have been taught that physical violence is the way to handle problems and “get their way”. Bullies usually also come from homes where the parents fight a lot, so children have been modeled on such violence. Parental involvement is often lacking in bullies’ lives and there seems to be little warmth.

Early intervention (干预) is truly the best way to stop bullying, but parents of the victims or therapists(治疗师) can’t alter the bully’s home environment. Some things can be done at the school level, however. Most school programs that address bullying apply a multi-faceted(多层面的) method to the problem.

Hand out questionnaires to all students and teachers and discuss if bullying is occurring. Define exactly what constitutes(构成) bullying at school. The questionnaire is a wonderful tool that allows the school to see how widespread bullying is and what forms it is taking. It is a good way to start to solve the problem.

Get the children’s parents involved in a bullying program. If parents of the bullies and the victims are not aware of what is going on at school, then the whole bullying program will not be effective. Stopping bullying in school takes teamwork and concentrated effort on everyone’s part. Bullying also should be discussed during parent-teacher conferences and PTA meetings. Parental awareness is the key.

In the classroom setting, all teachers should work with the students on bullying. Oftentimes even the teacher is being bullied in the classroom and a program should be set up to teach about bullying. Children understand modeling behaviors and role-play and acting out bullying situations is a very effective tool. Have students role-play a bullying situation.

【小题1】In the author’s opinion, bullies usually _____________.
A.have extremely high self-esteem
B.know little of the harm of violence
C.look forward to parental involvement
D.experience or witness violence at home
【小题2】What does the underlined word “alter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.understandB.change
C.removeD.approach
【小题3】Paragraph 5 suggests that it’s important to ______________.
A.make a punishment program effective
B.let parents know their children are bullies
C.find the key to improving security at school
D.make parents conscious of bullying at school
【小题4】What is the passage mainly about?
A.How to stop bullying in school.B.What leads to violence in schools.
C.What parents can do to stop bullying.D.How to comfort those who are bullied.
19-20高三上·黑龙江牡丹江·期中
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After seeing the difficult living conditions for children in a migrant (移民) camp in Tijuana, Mexico, Estefanía Rebellón took matters into her own hands.

She could not believe what she saw: families lacking even the most basic supplies. The children, sometimes shoeless and often dirty, clearly had no place to go.

Back at home, Rebellón could think of nothing else. “We have to do something,” she told her partner, Kyle Thomas Schmidt. A school — a safe place for the children to gather and learn — seemed much-needed. So, Rebellón and Schmidt hired volunteer teachers via social media, and using a thousand dollars from their savings, set up a temporary school at the Tijuana border. Classes were held in two large tents.

In five years, that pilot program has grown into the non-profit Yes We Can World Foundation, which operates three classrooms in transformed school buses and two schools in Tijuana, plus another in Ciudad Juarez, a Mexican city directly across the border from El Paso, Texas.

Funded by donations, the foundation’s now well-trained teachers have provided a bilingual education to more than 3,000 kids from ages 3 to 15. The schools follow an official curriculum (课程) from Mexico’s education ministry. As well, Yes We Can offers special courses, including one that helps kids understand more about human migration.

“The program’s success is easy to see,” says Josh Phelps, former director of operations for World Central Kitchen, which has provided meals to some Yes We Can schools. “The kids really enjoy it. There are huge smiles on their faces.”

More than 6.6 million people live in refugee camps around the world, according to the UN Refugee Agency. Rebellón says she’d like to expand the foundation’s reach and support migrant children globally.

“She is a powerhouse,” says Phelps, “and, I think, one of the most important people doing work at the border right now.”

【小题1】What does the underlined part “took matters into her own hands” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Relied on others.B.Got rid of it.
C.Took it into account.D.Dealt with it herself.
【小题2】Why did Rebellón launch the program?
A.To find houses for migrants.
B.To establish a school for migrant children.
C.To raise money for migrants.
D.To provide migrants with daily necessities.
【小题3】Which of the following best describes Rebellón?
A.Easy-going and ambitious.B.Quick-thinking and generous.
C.Open-minded and imaginative.D.Warm-hearted and responsible.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.How We Can Provide Education for Migrants?
B.One Woman Founded Schools for Migrant Children
C.One of the Greatest Women in the World — Rebellón
D.Yes We Can World Foundation — a Nonprofit Organization

The trend of shared real estate (房地产) spaces is expanding in various global cities, and it is particularly being welcomed by younger individuals such as Generation Z. Given how the current housing prices in urban centers are going up, the co-living trend might just be the pocket-friendly answer many young home-seekers are looking for.

While the idea of sharing spaces with others as a way of saving money is nothing new. The co-living is a concept that differs from the notion of “having roommates”. Private bedrooms, combined with common spaces shared with other people, are features these two brands of housing share.

However, the way co-living differs from the traditional roommate arrangements is that the former comes with individual leases(租期). In contrast, the latter comes with a master lease all residents are covered with. Co-living is, in essence, a cut-down version of roommate arrangements that only keeps its good parts while eliminating the bad ones.

Another advantage of this rental arrangement is the ability to spend more on experiences instead of paying for living in a larger home. And if there’s something Millennials and Gen Zers are known for, they tend to value experience over material possessions, and sharing a living space is a great way to facilitate such a lifestyle and focus on things that matter most.

Whether it’s the appeal of the larger cities that attracts them, or the fact that they landed a job that requires moving to a densely populated area. Making new connections in a big city may come as a challenge to Millennials and Gen Zers, sharing a rented living space eliminates this anxiety as it instantly provides you with an opportunity to meet new people and develop long-lasting relationships.

While the co-living concept is being embraced by young individuals worldwide, many are still unfamiliar with how co-living really works. Therefore, it doesn’t come as a surprise that some people would be concerned about their privacy and safety. However, we can see this particular housing model gaining popularity in times to come.

【小题1】What is the difference between the co-living and having roommates?
A.The co-living has individual rents.
B.The co-living has private bedrooms.
C.Having roommates means sharing common space.
D.Having roommates will cut down one’s expense on living.
【小题2】What contributes to the popularity of co-living according to the author?
A.The appeal of living in larger cities.
B.Much more value on material possessions.
C.The better-paid jobs are all in bigger cities.
D.The housing construction is not on the rise.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “eliminating” in the third paragraph mean?
A.Destroying.B.Cutting in.C.Removing.D.Putting off.
【小题4】What can be the best title of the text?
A.The Advantage of the Co-Living
B.The Rising Trend of Co-Living Spaces
C.The Appropriate Living Style in the Future
D.New Generations with Energy-Saving Housing

Tipping, customers paying service workers, usually at restaurants, for services they receive, has been a regular part of American culture for well over a century, but the emergence of new technology and shifting expectations have shaken long-standing norms around the practice. That uncertainty, together with the pressure it can often create, has left some consumers feeling exhausted by the frequency with which they’re forced to decide which workers to tip and how much.

A big reason for the growth of what is being called “tip tiredness” is the increasing presence of digital payment systems, which have replaced traditional cash registers at most businesses. Suddenly, rather than being given the chance to drop a dollar in a tip jar, customers are confronted with a tablet. 【小题1】 They have to tip for services they’d never considered tipping for in the past.

Tipping also makes labor laws more complicated. In all but a handful of states, employers are allowed to pay tipped workers below minimum wage. In some cases, the standard is as low as $2.13 per hour, as long as workers make enough in tips to earn the equivalent of minimum wage. 【小题2】 Many people are debating over whether tipping system need a repair — or even should be cancelled altogether. They say tipping needs to be eliminated and replaced by a fair wage for all service workers. The tipping practice increases the possibility that employees can’t get what they deserve. 【小题3】 In many cases, customers’ tip amounts are largely guided by factors other than quality of the service they receive, which makes the situation even worse.

However, defenders of the current arrangement say it’s still the best option. 【小题4】 It provides a chance for workers to have more control over their financial welfare. If a restaurant is doing well because it’s safely operated, properly managed and delivers great food, customers will usually tip. And when that happens, everyone — from the wait staff to the dishwashers — can share in the business’s success.

A.The frustration about such shifting wage payment has added new wrinkles to the controversy.
B.The diversity of tipping channels somewhat eases the conflicts in deciding the amount of tips.
C.No workers should have their livelihood depend on their customers’ mercy.
D.The popularity of digital point-of-sale systems has also meant consumers are being asked to tip more frequently.
E.Tipping, against many people’s wills, establishes a new customer-server relationship.
F.It’s believed that tipping is the ultimate profit-sharing plan.

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