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More than four decades ago, British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab. Since that ground-breaking moment, more than four million babies have been born through IVF(体外受精) and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine.

The prize for Dr. Edwards, who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008, includes a £900,000 cheque. The Nobel Assembly described IVF as “a milestone in modern medicine”.

With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, the Manchester-born physiologist developed IVF — leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby. Dr. Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility(生育) treatment and given hope to millions of couples.

It was a scientific breakthrough that changed the lives of millions of couples. They said, “His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes humans unable to have a baby. This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind, including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.”

Professor Edwards, who has 5 daughters and 11 grandchildren, began his research at Cambridge University in 1963, after receiving his PhD in 1955.He once said, “The most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child.” With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, Prof. Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridgeshire, which now treats more than 900 women a year. Each year, more than 30, 000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11,000 babies are born as a result of the treatment.

But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was “unethical and immoral”.

Martin Johnson, professor of reproductive(生殖的) sciences at the University of Cambridge, said the award was “long overdue”. He said, “We couldn't understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted — this is the cherry on the cake for him.”

Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was “thrilled and delighted”.

【小题1】What is Robert Edwards' contribution to science?
A.Challenging a disease which stops couples having a baby.
B.Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing.
C.Enabling millions of couples to live a better life.
D.Helping couples with infertility to have test tube babies.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “afflicting” in Paragraph 4 most probably refer to?
A.Troubling.B.Developing.
C.Improving.D.Frightening.
【小题3】It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 7 that ________.
A.some people envied Professor Edwards for his being awarded
B.different opinions were voiced on Professor Edwards' work
C.Professor Edwards deserved the prize for his breakthrough
D.the prize was late because the finding was first considered immoral
【小题4】What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Life Stories of Robert Edwards
B.Preparations for Having a Baby
C.Nobel Prize for IVF Expert Edwards
D.Treatment of Infertility in a Lab
19-20高二上·湖南·期中
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My name is Charlotte Dujardin. I’m an Olympic dressage champion (花式骑术冠军). What is my life like? You may wonder.

I’m one of those people who need their sleep. If I don’t get enough I can be pretty sleepy. I start riding by 7:30 am and I’m usually so tired from a day’s training that my head is on the pillow by 9:30 pm. I’m like an old person. I’ve always been a deep sleeper, not even the thought of an Olympic final keeps me awake.

I work with a personal trainer who makes sure I follow a strict diet. The things I eat must provide enough energy for my daily training. For breakfast I have eggs and bread, a chicken wrap and salad for lunch, a healthy meal of meat and lots of vegetables for dinner, plus two snacks of nuts and fruit. On days off, like normal girls, I love ice cream.

I often work seven days a week, riding from 7:30 am till 5 pm, then training at the gym. I also teach at the weekend, but the days don’t feel long because I love my job very much. I have a proper holiday once a year when I don’t see a horse for 10 days; I can’t afford to fatigue myself. I need time to rest and relax.

My family is very supportive of what I do and always comes to competitions. I miss my parents and other family members but balancing my work with the relationship with them can be difficult as I’m away a lot.

【小题1】What does the author most probably mean by saying “I’m like an old person” in Paragraph 2?
A.She looks very old.
B.She wakes up very easily.
C.She needs to go to bed early.
D.She gets tired easily in the daytime.
【小题2】What does Paragraph 3 say about the author?
A.She always eats too much.
B.Her trainer prepares food for her.
C.She is never allowed to eat sweet food.
D.Eating the right food is important to her.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “fatigue” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Miss someone very much.
B.Get tired by working too hard.
C.Do many tasks at the same time.
D.Keep loving something for a long time.
【小题4】What problem does the author face in her life?
A.She doesn’t get help from her family.
B.She doesn’t   have enough time to relax.
C.She can’t spend much time with her family.
D.She fails to win a medal in the Olympic Games.

My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, “She may not be up to what we’re trying to accomplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested. I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had — dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for “The Rockford Files.”

If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me, because I did badly in all my courses.

I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, “How long did you study for this?” He said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” So he must be smarter. I began to ask, “What will happen to me when I’m not good at anything?” Despite my doubts, I did become successful, and people now say to me, “So you’ve overcome dyslexia.”

No. You don’t overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me. Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right.

Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right-brain, abstract thought, and that’s what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.

The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not they have to struggle in school, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create victories for them, whether it’s music, sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, “Yeah, reading is hard. But I have other things I can do.”

【小题1】The writer decided to get himself tested as well because he________.
A.wanted to know if they had the same problem
B.didn’t believe his daughter had the problem
C.had to take a regular medical examination
D.accepted that his daughter was not smart
【小题2】We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer________.
A.struggled and got better grades
B.didn’t work hard when he was young
C.was praised for overcoming dyslexia
D.was thankful not knowing of dyslexia earlier
【小题3】According to the passage, a dyslexic person________.
A.is less intelligentB.always fails in school
C.reads more slowly than normal peopleD.performs worse in left-brain activities
【小题4】What can we learn from the story?
A.Clumsy birds have to start flying early.B.God shuts one door but opens another.
C.Never judge a person by his appearance.D.No one can make a good coat with bad cloth.

I had the chance to go to college locally in Jamaica, but knew that going to school in the U.S. would give me more career opportunities. So I went to the U.S. and studied engineering, an area traditionally held by men. While in school, I interned (实习) for three years with Bell Atlantic's (Now Verizon) science and technology lab. They offered me a job when I graduated, but I rejected it, thinking I wouldn't have the same opportunities as males in the organization.

I chose to take a position in a French company. A few years later, I made re-entry into Bell Atlantic because it was bought by the French company.

My experiences over the years have helped me to grow and promote within the organization. I am now the president of Verizon Telecom's New England Area, overseeing, 4,000 employees who deliver excellent service to customers and businesses in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

I recognize that I am where I am today as a result of people reaching out and guiding me — I've been lucky throughout my career, and that's why it is important for me to be able to give back. I am extremely enthusiastic about youth development. In 2009, my husband and I set up the Global Venture Foundation in the Caribbean, which intended to inspire and develop youth leadership through a combination of athletic and educational programs.

The foundation has different functions, including youth guiding, summer programs based in the US, and college students placement help and funding. Having recently moved to greater Boston area, I am looking forward to setting up roots in the community that will allow me to continue touching the lives of the youth.

【小题1】Why did the author turn down the offer from Bell Atlantic?
A.She wanted to find her job by herself.
B.She wanted to find her job in the US.
C.She wouldn't have the equal chances as males are.
D.She found most of the positions were held by men there.
【小题2】What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 4?
A.She helps train more women employees.
B.She pays back for what she has gained.
C.She plans to quit her job in Bell Atlantic.
D.She gets promotion in her position.
【小题3】What does the Global Venture Foundation focus on?
A.Helping the disadvantaged.
B.Supporting universe education.
C.Youth training and promoting.
D.Athletic Training.

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