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There’s a new achievement in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale(大规模地). And the industry isn’t stopping there.


Food production

With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration   on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same”, freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.


Nutrition

Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers(消费者) to print food with customized(定制的) nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”


Challenges

Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients (烹饪原料) must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are limited to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are doubtful about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.

【小题1】What do we know about 3D printing and food ?
A.The 3D printing industry is beginning to focus on food.
B.With further development, it’s possible to use the 3D printing technology to print food.
C.People have made possible 3D food printers.
D.The 3D printing and food have developed into a perfect industry.
【小题2】What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B.It saves time and effort in cooking.
C.It improves the cooking conditions.
D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.
【小题3】According to Paragraph 3, 3D-printed food                               .
A.is more available to consumers
B.can meet personal nutritional needs
C.is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D.can keep all the nutrition in food
【小题4】What is the main challenge that prevents 3D food printing from spreading   widely?
A.The printing process is complicated.
B.3D food printers are too expensive.
C.Food materials have to be dry.
D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
19-20高一上·安徽黄山·期中
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Put "crottin de chevre," into Google Translate, and you'll be told it means goat dung (waste). So if it appears on a menu, you may pass. Alas! You will rule out a delicious cheese made of goats5 milk that is often served as a starter in France.

Such misunderstandings are why Google Translate is not intended to replace human translators. Tourists might accept a few misunderstandings because the technology is cheap and convenient, but when in business, law or medicine, these services often fall short. " Using Google Translate can lead to some serious errors, especially when words have multiple meanings, which is often the case in fields such as law and engineering, " says Samantha Langley, a court-approved French — to — English legal translator in France.

That is not to say professional translators do not use computer assisted translation (CAT) tools. One of the most popular new tools is the translation earpiece. Usually paired with a smart-phone app, they pick up spoken foreign languages and translate them. For conferences, wearable translation tools like Waverly's are undoubtedly popular. But even this new generation tech has limitations. Users must wait at least a few seconds for a phrase to be translated, or more if the Internet connection is poor. And computers still lack the subtlety (微妙之处)of human communication.

"If you want to create a relationship with the user, you need a human translator to make sound natural and capture the sentiment, which often involves restructuring a sentence completely, says Zoey Cooper, director at Wordbank. "I believe CAT tools get in the way of creativity, " says Antonio Navarro Gosalvez, an English-to- Spanish translator in Spain.

Mr. Ochoa Spencer, chief executive of US start-up Waverly Labs, thinks this problem could be resolved within the next 10 years. "When it comes to expressing emotion and intonation, we need sentiment analysis, which may well be in ten years time, " he says. Yet, nowadays foreign language skills are still in demand in the labour market.

【小题1】The writer uses the example of "crottin de chevre" to ______.
A.criticize Google TranslateB.regret missing the cheese
C.bring in the main topicD.introduce a starter in France
【小题2】How is Google Translate according to Paragraph 2?
A.Precise and cheap.B.Cheap but inaccurate.
C.Convenient and effective.D.Fast but incorrect.
【小题3】Who might have a different opinion on Al translation?
A.Samantha Langley.B.Zoey Cooper.
C.Antonio Navarro Gosalvez.D.Ochoa Spencer.
【小题4】What is the text mainly about?
A.The various disadvantages of Google Translate.
B.The chances of human translators being replaced by AI.
C.The difference between computer and human translation.
D.The disappearance of human translators in the near future.

Back in the early 2000s, lots of people couldn’t have imagined life without alarm clocks, CD players, calendars, cameras, or lots of other devices. But along came the iPhone and other smartphones, and they took over the functions of dozens of things we used to think were essential.

The smartphone story could even be a model for fighting climate change; not because smartphone use a small part of the energy of all the things they replace — although they do — but because they represent a different approach to design in general. And that approach is to focus on function rather than form. That requires focusing on understanding the underlying problem, and then engineering a wide range of potential solutions. This approach could revolutionize how we think about energy efficiency.

Traditionally, improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices, which can be quite fruitful. But focusing on individual devices is like if Apple had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock, a better CD player, a better calendar, and a better camera. Now with an iPhone, we don’t need the standalone devices at all, because it can function as all of them.

So when it comes to using energy efficiently, rather than just installing a more efficient heater, some people have focused instead on the desired function: staying warm. They designed and coated their house so well that they could get rid of their heater altogether, letting them heat their house with 99 % less energy.

In the same way, rather than just making cars more efficient, what if we focus on the desired function — getting where we want when we want — and create an efficient transportation system where we can drive less or get rid of our personal cars entirely? The most energy efficient car or heater is no car, or no heater, while still being able to get around and stay warm. In other words, it’s not thinking efficient, it’s thinking different.

【小题1】What makes the iPhone a good example of environmental protection?
A.Perfecting individual devices.
B.Combining possible functions.
C.Adopting a simplest design.
D.Reducing the energy consumption.
【小题2】What does the author think of traditional practices in energy improvements?
A.Conventional.B.Out-of-date.C.Adequate.D.Perfect.
【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?
A.Think out of the box.B.Differences make it unique.
C.Be economical with energy.D.Step out of the comfort zone.

It seems no longer the privilege (特权) of young people to get access to new technologies. As a matter of fact, senior citizens have taken advantage of the Internet to enrich their life and have benefited greatly from it—including looking through news, using mobile payments, and even enjoying online car-hailing (约车) services.

Most of the information read by older netizens is focused on national politics and economy. They also like reading encouraging materials and jokes online. Anyway, what brings them the greatest convenience is that they turn to the web for health advice, especially online hospital appointments. Increasingly, old people’s needs can be satisfied by online services, which are more convenient than those in traditional ways.

On the other hand, the Internet is not always safe. There exists the risk of being cheated. Some older users easily misunderstand or are cheated by incorrect information on the Internet. Of those cheated online, 60.3 percent fall for offers to collect free “red packet” money. And some health-related information they read is misleading. So they should be careful to make out the information.

It is the responsibility for the government, families and companies to help the old netizens to be away from the danger on line. This way, they will be more willing to use the Interact and the experience on the Interact will be more satisfying.

【小题1】What does the first paragraph tell us?
A.The Internet is only preferred by young people.
B.Online news readers are mainly senior citizens.
C.Old people make better use of the Internet than the young.
D.Using mobile phones has become common in old people’s life.
【小题2】Which do old people find the most helpful online?
A.Positive materials.B.Health guide.
C.Mobile payments.D.Traffic service.
【小题3】What can protect the old people from being cheated online?
A.Warning them not to open red packets.
B.Telling them not to read too much information.
C.Reminding them to be careful about the risks online.
D.Advising them to keep away from the smart phones.

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