When you see someone you know, the easiest way to recognize them is by their face—but not everyone can do this. Many people have prosopagnosia, or face blindness, which is a neurological(神经病学的)condition where the part o the brain that recognizes faces fails to develop. It can stop people recognizing partners, family members, friends or even their own reflection. It was once though to be caused by brain injury (acquired prosopagnosia) but now a genetic link has been proved (development prosopagnosia).
Acquired prosopagnosia is a very rare but as many as one in 50 people may have developmental prosopagnosia. There’s no specific treatment, but training programmes are being developed to help improve facial recognition.
For many, the situation can be dangerous. I’ve heard stories of people being robbed by strangers claiming to be family members, or of children wandering off strange men.
It was only is this century that researchers began to realize exactly how many people in this world were quietly living with the condition.
Like a blind person who can recognize family members by their footsteps, prosopagnosics are forced to develop unusual ways of discovering who it is they’re meeting or talking to. From the obvious markers like hair and voice, to the way one sits, stands or walks, they rely on dozens of means to get through ordinary life.
Faces are an important part of identity. Not to be recognized feels terrible—it’s as if you’ve been overlooked, like someone’s saying you don’t matter. But it’s nothing to the pain of knowing that you’re hurting people’s feelings constantly, and yet being completely unaware that you’re doing it in the moment. To be alienated(隔离的)from the world of faces is a strange position to be in, but I’m comforted by the thought that articles like this will do a little to help people forgive me and others like me.
【小题1】Why do some people have developmental prosopagnosia?A.Mainly due to brain injury. |
B.Mainly due to their life styles. |
C.Mainly for biological reasons. |
D.Mainly for psychological reasons. |
A.We can do nothing to deal with it. |
B.One fifth of people suffer from it. |
C.It can be cured by training programmes. |
D.Developmental prosopagnosia is more common. |
A.depend on their families for a normal life. |
B.are embarrassed about their condition. |
C.are usually laughed at by other people. |
D.have special ways to recognize people |
A.They are unfriendly to others. |
B.They feel hurting others doesn’t matter. |
C.They often make others feel ignored. |
D.They avoid communicating with others. |
Public Speaking
It can be stressful to deliver a speech in front of people. What do you say? How do you catch people’s attention? What do you do if you mess up?
Point everything back to the central idea
Before you begin your speech, figure out your core message.
To make your presentation memorable, you can try using “sticky stories” in your speeches — honest, vivid anecdotes (逸闻) with details that engage the senses of sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. People remember stories and images.
Practice in front of people
Practicing your speech can ease feelings of nervousness and help you adjust your presentation. Ask a friend or a family member to listen to you as you practice. You can also take a voice memo with your phone and play it back to yourself.
Slow down and start again
If something unexpected happens in the moment — say you stumble (结巴) or lose your place — pause or slow down. Take a deep breath and go back to the beginning of a sentence or restate the word you stumbled on. And don’t worry, people don’t notice those pauses as much as you think they do.
A.Use vivid imagery and storytelling. |
B.These problems will drive you mad. |
C.Avoid big words and long sentences. |
D.Even if someone does notice, that’s OK, too. |
E.Then make sure all the ideas in your speech point back to it. |
F.There’s also a chance to practice short speeches on important topics. |
G.By doing so, you can get supportive feedback to improve your speech. |
We find comfort in nature. Spending time with grass and trees and birds, even through a window, makes us feel happier and more relaxed. One of the most exciting things about bird﹣watching is that birds are so mobile.
Notice birds
If you're not already a bird﹣watcher, you probably don't really notice birds, but they are around us all the time, even in a city.
Listen
Birds communicate by sound as well as by sight, just like we do. They make a lot of noise and their songs and calls all mean something. On the most basic level sounds can help you find birds by revealing their presence and telling you what direction to look. Just like seeing,
Watch for patterns
Birds are creatures of habit. If you've seen a bird fly away carrying something, there's a very good chance it will come back to gather more. Just wait. Building a nest takes several days, and young birds in the nest are fed for more than a week, so you might be able to come back the next day and watch more.
A.it takes some focus and practice to hear birds, |
B.Just taking the steps will lead to discoveries. |
C.They fly around their home territory. |
D.With a little practice you'll be amazed at what you can see. |
E.this is the best thing to focus on when you see an unfamiliar bird. |
F.And if you track the bird along the path that it takes, |
G.The most important thing is just to notice birds, slow down and really watch them. |
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