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Cosmetic surgery (整容手术) is not something to be entered into lightly. Unfortunately, in this modern world, we have become confused by very narrow standards of beauty. Images of stars who never seem to age are seen everywhere these days. We forget the fact that most of these images are the result of super photo manipulation (处理), driven by the extremely powerful beauty industry. We are all different — why should we all look the same? Isn’t there more to life than having surgery in order to have the same boring face that everybody else wants to have?

—Dr Elisabeth McKenna, Psychologist

Yes, it’s not real! That’s what I told my friends when they started asking me about my nose job. I’d always been sensitive to my nose, but it took me a long time before I decided to go for cosmetic surgery. I took advice from several doctors and after careful consideration I finally decided to have it done. I had been saving money from my part-time job and my parents helped me out with the rest. It was quite expensive but I don’t regret a penny of it. In fact I wish I’d had it done a few years ago. I’ m sure I wouldn’t have been laughed at so much at school.

—Debbie Caron, Student

It makes me really angry to think of the millions of people who spend much money on cosmetic surgery. Surgery should be carried out for medical purposes, not vanity (虚荣心). I would rather all the money spent on cosmetic surgery was used to treat people around the world who are in need but can’t get proper medical treatment. Furthermore, there are thousands of under-qualified doctors out there who only care about getting as rich as possible as quickly as possible. They don’t care about the psychological and physical damage they do. The whole industry makes me sick. We should do something to stop it.

—Danny Glass, Student

【小题1】What does Dr Elisabeth McKenna suggest?
A.Don’t be fooled by “perfection”.
B.Cosmetic surgery often goes wrong.
C.The beauty industry needs improving.
D.It’s unnecessary to set new standards of beauty.
【小题2】What did Debbie Caron’s cosmetic surgery bring to her?
A.More friends.B.More worries.
C.More self-confidence.D.More job opportunities.
【小题3】How does Danny Glass feel about those who have cosmetic surgery?
A.They should be treated as patients.
B.They hurt themselves psychologically and physically.
C.They can have a new start.
D.They waste money and medical resources.
18-19高二上·湖北荆州·期末
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An Arkansas doctor, T. Atiq helped his former patients face the New Year with less debt, voiding (使无效) more than $650,000 of unpaid medical bills for those once under his care. Each patient received a card with a personal greeting from their doctor. The note thanked each patient for trusting Dr. Atiq with their care followed by the generous surprise. “If this gave them a little bit of assistance then I am grateful to have had the opportunity to do so,” the physician said.

Nearly 30 years ago, Dr. Atiq founded the Arkansas Cancer Clinic in the community of Pine Bluffto make cancer care available for the economically disadvantaged. Before its opening, Pine Bluff cancer patients traveled at least 50 miles for treatment. Dr. Atiq was clear that his patients’ needs were always his top concern—not their ability to pay.

Dr. Atiq knew all too well the huge financial pressure often faced by patients. Although he wished all of his patients could simply focus on recovery from disease, many were simply not in a position to—even if they had insurance. And, most of his patients had to work while receiving treatment. Some of his patients, including elderly grandmothers, were already working two jobs before getting sick.

In the same spirit of generosity that Dr. Atiq opened his clinic, he is now closing its doors to begin a new chapter. Dr. Atiq is a full-time professor of Head and Neck Surgery at the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, part of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. His patients safely transitioned to a hospital to continue their cancer care.

Dr. Atiq feels his act of kindness was a small gesture in comparison to what his patients have given to him over the years. “The courage and resilience (适应力) that I have learned from my patients are invaluable,” he says. “The issue is their health. I am hoping that they can be cured of cancer. Or, it is controlled well to where they are living productive, happy lives with their families, their friends, and their loved ones.”

【小题1】What did Dr. Atiq do for his former patients?
A.He paid off all their debts.
B.He forgave them their debts.
C.He made invitation cards for them.
D.He gave a New Year dinner for them.
【小题2】What is special about the Arkansas Cancer Clinic?
A.It treated poor people free of charge.
B.It had a long history of about 50 years.
C.It was the first clinic of its kind in Pine Bluff.
D.It attracted cancer patients across the country.
【小题3】What is paragraph 3 mainly talking about?
A.Reasons why Dr. Atiq closed his clinic.
B.Problems that Dr. Atiq's former patients faced.
C.Suggestions that Dr. Atiq gave to elderly patients.
D.Challenges that Dr. Atiq met in the course of work.
【小题4】What can we learn about Dr. Atiq?
A.He is pursuing a new career.
B.He has retired from his post.
C.He hopes to stay healthy to treat more patients.
D.He wants to raise public awareness about cancer.

Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.

The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen “at risk” patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: “I am so excited about this form of technology.”Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. “I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was — and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare.”

The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.

He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. “This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient.” Prof Young said, “Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier.”

【小题1】What does the underlined phrase “screen” in Paragraph2 mean?
A.comfort.B.treat.
C.spot.D.nurse.
【小题2】How do supercomputers help save lives?
A.By storing blood samples.
B.By analyzing patients’ cases.
C.By observing changes in blood cells.
D.By assisting doctors with their operations.
【小题3】Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?
A.To show the influence of AI.
B.To stress the importance of health care.
C.To introduce the topic of supercomputers.
D.To present the achievement he has accomplished.
【小题4】What do we know about the new technology?
A.It helps patients recover earlier.
B.It has helped save thousands of lives.
C.It will promote the health service greatly.
D.It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.

Most people will experience at least one wrong medical diagnosis in their lifetime, resulting in health problems, psychological suffering and financial cost, according to a new report. Because diagnostic errors are generally discovered in retrospect(回顾), researchers said more work needs to be done to improve medical teams and find ways to avoid errors that can change people’s life in the distant future.

“Diagnosis is a collective effort that often involves a team of health care professionals---from primary care physicians to nurses.” said John Ball, chair of the committee which wrote the report. “The type of a single physician observing a patient case and deciding a diagnosis is not always accurate, and a diagnostic errors, we have to look more broadly at the entire process of how a diagnosis is made.”

The researcher, said there are not enough data on diagnostic errors, and efforts to improve diagnosis and reduce errors have not been frequent. The medical culture discourages transparency and makes it more difficult to correct them. The blame lies in cooperation and communication between members of medical teams treating patients, patients themselves, and their families. Besides this, researchers found the healthcare system is not designed for the collaboration needed in the diagnostic process and that diagnosis will continue to worsen if new ideas are not put forward.

The committee recommended more information, from electronic health records to test results, be made more easily available to families and caregivers, to help them better learn and understand what is going on with their health. Creating an environment for patients to question a diagnosis or add information about their condition could also help better influence diagnosis.

Most significantly, the researchers said methods need to be established to make communication between doctors and patients easier. Doctors are not encouraged or paid to communicate with patients as much as they should be.

【小题1】It can be inferred from the new report that        .
A.diagnostic errors have a great influence on people
B.new ways are found to avoid diagnostic errors
C.nobody can avoid those diagnostic errors
D.diagnostic errors are difficult to be found
【小题2】Why does the medical culture make the correction of diagnostic errors so difficult?
A.For lack of advanced technological equipment
B.For lack of strict rules of managing the medial environment
C.For lack of enough professional knowledge about medicinal treatment
D.For lack of cooperation and communication between physicians, patients and their families
【小题3】What does Para. 4 mainly talk about?
A.Researches on the diagnostic process
B.New ways to better protect patients
C.Advice on reducing diagnostic errors
D.Communication between patients and doctors
【小题4】Why is communication between doctors and patients not much?
A.Because of the different belief
B.Because of the medical situation
C.Because of being short of money
D.Because of the current rules
【小题5】The passage most probably comes from      .
A.a hospital advertisementB.a science book
C.a medical magazineD.a research report

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