Making decisions when shopping is often a tough call. Even if you're satisfied with the first dress you try on, would you go on looking for alternatives, comparing styles and prices ,until dropped dead?
Psychology researchers have studied how people make decisions and concluded there are two basic styles. " Maximizers" like to take their time and weigh a wide range of choices, sometimes every possible one —before choosing." Satisficers" would rather be fast than thorough
"The maximizers is kicking himself because he can't examine every choice and at some point had to just pick something, " they say." Maximizers make best decisions and end up feeling bad about hem.
Satisficers also have high standards, but they are happier than maximizers. Maximizers tend to be more depressed and to report a lower satisfaction with life, his research found.
Faced with so many choices in our lives, we need to learn how not to waste time and energy on our decision- making.
Once you've arrived at a decision,stick with it.
A.Firstly, decrease your range of choices. |
B.Maximizers are people who want the best. |
C.Just accept no decision is ever completely perfect. |
D.Comparing is often a must when you make a decision. |
E.Satisficers make good decisions and end up feeling good. |
F.The other is to make decisions more accurately at the beginning. |
G.Their starting salaries were 20 percent higher but they felt worse about their jobs. |
Alibaba starts taking the lead in China, simply enough, by connecting big Chinese manufacturers (制造商) with big buyers across the world. Its business-to-business site, Alibaba.com allows business to buy almost everything. Alibaba’s advantage isn’t hard to identify: size. Alibaba is just big, even by Chinese standards. Its marketplaces attract 231 million active buyers, 8 million sellers, 11.3 billion orders a year — and Alibaba is just the middleman. It encourages people to use its markets — not charging small sellers a percentage of the sale.
If you want a quick look into the influence of Alibaba on daily Chinese life, take my experience. I moved to Beijing almost a year ago and quickly got tired of visiting small stores across the crowded, polluted city of 20 million people in search of new electronics, bathroom furnishings, and anything else my wife wanted. “You’re looking for what exactly? Why not try it?” my Chinese teacher asked me one day. With that, my wonderful new relationship with Alibaba began.
Alibaba’s original business-to-business model now is second to consumer buying. Chinese retail (零售) buying makes up 80% of Alibaba’s profit, and leading that group is Taobao, with 800 million items for sale and the most unbelievable selection of things you’ll ever find. TMall.com is Alibaba’s other big site, where you can find brand name goods from Nike and Unilever near the lowest prices. What I have a hard time explaining to friends and family back in the U.S. is how China has gone beyond traditional shopping — big-box retailers especially — in favor of online purchases on Taobao and a few other sites. In smaller towns than Beijing, where big retailers have not yet traveled, shopping online is shopping, and shopping is Taobao.
I have a list of some of my recent purchases on Taobao for a sense of how wide the marketplace is. Almost everything arrived a day or two after ordering with free shipping. I’m not even a big buyer, because I need friends to help me search the Chinese-language site. When I was searching my purchase history on my Chinese teacher’s iPad, which helps me buy goods, I looked through with great difficulty about 10 of her purchases for every one of mine.
【小题1】Alibaba’s advantage mainly lies in _________.A.its low price | B.its big size |
C.its not charging small sellers | D.its business-to-business service |
A.Alibaba will continue to develop. |
B.Alibaba stands out as the best online site. |
C.Alibaba is of middle size among all the online sites. |
D.Alibaba acts as a bridge between the buyers and sellers. |
A.TMall.com provides more profit than Taobao. |
B.The author’s Chinese teacher is also an online purchase lover. |
C.Taobao has no obvious advantage over other similar online sites. |
D.Alibaba’s business-to-business service earns more than retail now. |
A.Shopping online is Taobao. |
B.How the author purchases online in China. |
C.Alibaba greatly influences people’s daily purchase in China. |
D.The influence of shopping online goes beyond traditional shopping. |
Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you had not planned to buy. But hunger is not the only culprit behind such purchases. The location of store displays also influences our shopping and may make or break some healthy eating habits.
The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks-and a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can shift customer behavior. A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example, In 2014 Norwegain and Icelandic researcher likewise found that replacing unhealthy items with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minutes sales of healthier foods.
These findings caught the attention of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, which has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to stock and promote consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department. “Making healthy food more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”
Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s dense urban checkout areas, so they recruited three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. They gave one checkout line in each store a healthy makeover, replacing candy, cookies and other processed snacks with fruit , nuts and similar items containing 200 or fewer calories per serving. Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 precent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious items more than twice as often as those in the standard lines –and they bought unhealthy items 40 percent less often. The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.
The potential impact may seem small, but Adjoian believes that converting more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calories foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout areas throughout New York City.
【小题1】The word “ culprit” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to _____in the passage.A.something to blame | B.something related to culture |
C.something that results | D.something concealed |
A.shops put great emphasis on increase in last-minute sales of food. |
B.healthier options were rarely seen in company canteens or in supermarket. |
C.customers’ shopping behavior could be changed by what is easily available. |
D.sugary and salty snacks were among the most common items in checkout areas. |
A.Only a little attention has been drawn to Adjoian’s research |
B.Only several healthy items are displayed and then purchased. |
C.Only three Bronx supermarkets have been involved in the study. |
D.Only a small proportion of shoppers buy things from checkout areas. |
A.Behavior that Matters | B.Healthy See, Healthy Do |
C.Changing Checkout Areas | D.Shoppers and Their Needs |
Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round". She is always open to persuasion: indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a tiresome process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
【小题1】According to the passage, a man’s shopping is based on _______.
A.his money | B.his hobbies |
C.his need | D.his friends |
A.Because she wants to buy a dress that every one thinks suits her. |
B.Because she doesn’t know how to buy a dress. |
C.Because she doesn’t know whether to buy it or not. |
D.Because she wants to show herself off in public. |
A.Most men have patience with trying it on while buying a jacket. |
B.Most women have a poor sense of value when buying a dress. |
C.A woman’s shopping is based on her need. |
D.A man doesn’t pay much attention to the price of the clothes he wants to buy. |
A.similarities | B.differences |
C.varieties | D.intentions |
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