Residents in the poorest counties in the U.S. face a life expectancy up to decade shorter than their counterparts in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.
Researchers from East Tennessee State University wanted to better understand how socioeconomic status was associated with health outcomes. To find out they divided the country’s 3,141 counties into 50 new ‘states’ (with 2 percent of the counties in each) based on household income as opposed to geographic proximity (接近).
The researchers broke down the data by county since they found state-level data may hide some ‘impact of socioeconomic differences on both the best-off and worst-off counties.’ They then examined health data from the wealthiest and poorest ‘states’ (top and bottom 2 percent) to see how residents differed on factors like smoking, clinical care and excessive drinking. Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year gap in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less - 83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.
The study authors caution that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect. But they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主动性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of pinpointing the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of resources and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need,’’ the study authors wrote.
【小题1】How did Researchers divide the counties?A.By social status. | B.By income. |
C.By health. | D.By living places. |
A.The women difference is less than the man in life expectancy. |
B.The wealthiest ‘state’ like hiding their wealth. |
C.Most health data is unbelievable. |
D.Most poorest ‘state’ smoke and drink a lot. |
A.The researchers think their study is perfect. |
B.People still don’t know the cause of life expectancy. |
C.The government should learn something from the study. |
D.The American resources allocation is not fair at all. |
A.Ways to have a long life expectancy |
B.Great income differences in the USA |
C.The health problem in the USA |
D.Men in richest 10 years longer in poorest |
Will it matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages, from 12 to 83.
During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effort than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats frit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention in class.
Contrary to what many people believe, people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce other meals.
【小题1】The title of the passage should be ________.A.the importance of breakfast | B.the result of a test |
C.breakfast will make you clever | D.breakfast is nothing |
A.no breakfast at all | B.very rich breakfast |
C.little food for breakfast | D.different foods or no food |
A.lose weight | B.not lose weight | C.he healthier | D.gain weight |
A.breakfast has a great effect on a person’s work and studies |
B.breakfast has little to do with a person’s work |
C.a person will work better if he has simple breakfast |
D.those working with brains should have much for breakfast |
How can we get rid of procrastination (拖延症)
Procrastination is a common challenge that many people face.
It is helpful to understand exactly why you’ve been procrastinating a specific task. Are you afraid of something?
Sometimes people put way too much on their To Do list. One way to stop procrastinating something is to decide you’re never going to do it. What can you take off your To Do list? Try crossing something off your list simply because you realize you don’t really need to do that thing ever.
Experts highly recommend A Power Hour, which consists of putting away all distractions and working in a concentrated period of time.
This guide gives suggestions on stopping procrastinating; now, it’s up to you to use them.
A.Give yourself permission to let it go. |
B.Rewards provide motivation and a sense of achievement. |
C.Procrastination only occurs when tasks appear confusing. |
D.Maybe you feel overcome by it and don’t know where to start. |
E.It can prevent success in the long run and is not easy to overcome. |
F.Effective ways to cure people of the habit are easy to get from the Internet. |
G.Short rest is necessary in this period in order to make best use of your brain and body. |
Reasons why cell phone signals suddenly go bad
You are surfing the Internet on your living room couch, walking in your neighbourhood, or sitting in your car waiting for your kids to get out of school. You want to text or chat on your mobile phone, however, it suddenly drops off your call, or your conversation stutters (口吃).
Heavy cellular traffic
Just take a look at those people around you. See if they are doing the same thing as you are: texting or talking on their phones. If so, all those signals are fighting for space on the nearest cell phone tower.
Building material
The building material of your house, car or workplace is usually the main reason for weaker signals.
If you’ve been putting off charging your phone battery, you may find yourself with a weak signal when you need it most. Your phone needs energy to maintain a connection with a cell phone tower. Therefore, it may struggle when its battery is low.
Blocking your own antenna (天线)
Close your eyes and picture the early days of mobile phones. Sure, they were as big as shoe boxes, but they also had antennas on the outside. Today’s phones have antennas fixed inside the phone.
A.Power off |
B.Low battery |
C.Once your phone has linked to a signal tower |
D.If you’re not careful how you’re holding the phone |
E.Here are some proper approaches to deal with your problem |
F.If you routinely notice service fading in and out as you walk around your home |
G.Do you ask yourself why you are getting a weak cell phone signal |
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