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It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of the thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.

Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (发觉) something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six­year­old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for strong data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant­access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words” —ready for instant use. An average US teenager probably recognises the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognise on sight.

The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem­solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.

【小题1】According to the passage, memory is considered to be ________.
A.the basis for decision making and problem solving
B.an ability to store experiences for future use
C.an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
【小题2】The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that ________.
A.the computer’s memory has a little capacity than a teenager’s
B.the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being’s
C.the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’s
D.both A and B
【小题3】The whole passage implies that ________.
A.only human beings have problem­solving intelligence
B.a person’s memory is different from a computer’s in every respect
C.animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D.animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence
【小题4】The topic of the passage is ________
A.What Would Life Be Like Without Memory?
B.Memory Is Of Vital Importance to Life
C.How Is A person's Memory Different from An Animal’s Or A Computer’s ?
D.What Is Contained In Memory?
16-17高二·全国·单元测试
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Visitors to my home are often curious about the fact that my kids share a room. “How do you make it?” they ask, as if seeing some children in the same sleeping space is impossible. 【小题1】 I will share my practical tips below.

Set the sleepy environment. This applies to any child’s bedroom, but it’s particularly important to set bedtime when you've got multiple little ones sharing a space. 【小题2】 Get a white noise machine.

【小题3】 Regularity is key when putting young kids to bed in the same space. If they are close in ago, do it at the same time. We put all our children to bed by 7 p.m.. And we also wake them up at 7 a.m..

Some noise is OK. 【小题4】 They will need reminders not to care about it, to stay in bed, to settle down, and go to sleep. This is normal. Kids do wake up sometimes when babies cry, although I'm always amazed at how much they can sleep through once they are used to it.

Buy the right furniture. Invest in good space-saving furniture, like beds with drawers. 【小题5】 Try to keep the room dedicated for sleeping. This will make the room feel less cramped, which — at least for me — makes having multiple kids in the same place feel more manageable.

A.Stick to the schedule.
B.How do l make it work?
C.Keep toys to a minimum.
D.Again, regularity is key to success.
E.Kids in a shared room will make noise.
F.Use darkening curtains on the window and a closed door.
G.If your baby has trouble settling at bedtime, you can start the night in another room.

How to Survive Being Stuck in a Lift

Being stuck in a lift, also known as an elevator, can sometimes be scary, especially if you are a fan of those kinds of movies which have a lot of elevator tragedies. You may think being stuck in an elevator in real life is not like in the movies.【小题1】

Remain calm and do not panic! You may have heard of this a lot of times and it is true that panicking will do you no good. 【小题2】

Press each of the floor buttons one by one. Then, try the “doors open” button. If none of the buttons works, the lift is broken, and you need to let someone know about it.

See if your phone has any reception or Internet. 【小题3】 If you have WiFi connection, contact a family member or friend. Don’t forget to tell them what the address is of the building and possibly which elevator you are stuck in. If your phone is not available, the following tips can help you.

Look through the gap between the doors of the lift. If you can see light between the doors, the lift has stopped near a floor, and you should be able to shout for help and be released. Do not try to force the doors open yourself. If you can’t see light between the doors, the lift has stopped between floors, and no one will be able to let you out if you scream for help. Look for an emergency telephone. If there is no telephone, press the alarm button repeatedly. 【小题4】

【小题5】If you have waited for more than half an hour and nobody has come to get you out, shout and bang the inside walls of the lift. If no one is responding to you, then you’ll have to accept that you will be in the lift overnight. If this happens, make yourself as comfortable as possible to save your energy. By morning, the building should be full again. You can try to get some help then.

A.It will cause you not to be able to think clearly.
B.Check the time.
C.Eventually, someone should hear you and get help.
D.Here are some tips to help you survive.
E.However, it is still a vital thing to know how to survive if it ever happens to you.
F.Use your watch.
G.If you do have reception, call emergency services.

The most common problem that worries all of us today is the fear of insecurity. Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck (遭遇) by the fear of the unknown. With every new turn of events our self-confidence takes a blow. The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability.

There are several reasons that affect a person’s self- confidence. The most important reason is lack of success. Not being able to succeed affects one’s self-confidence greatly. This is when one begins to doubt his own ability. In many cases one’s self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society. For example, a person who loses his job gives a wide berth to other people for fear of being questioned about his work. However, this isn’t right at all. One needs to think along positive lines in spite of failures. After all it is your life and you have every right to live your life as you wish.

The challenge lies in not allowing your self-confidence to decrease. It is very important to believe in yourself. Self-belief is the secret to success. When success doesn’t come to you, you should not allow yourself belief to be affected. Always keep in mind that success is sure to come in time. So, there is nothing wrong with your ability. Whenever lack of success causes you to doubt your ability, don’t forget to remind yourself that quick success does not last long. Also remember not to compare yourself to others. These tips will do a world of good to your confidence.

In order to be self-confident, you need to have a lifestyle that is right for you. Create one and live a life as you want to. Leave others to themselves.

【小题1】According to the text, what causes people to fear the unknown?
A.The low abilities.
B.The lack of security.
C.The loss of self-confidence.
D.The severe competition in life.
【小题2】What does the underlined phrase “give a wide berth to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Introduce something to.
B.Hold a birthday party for.
C.Make friends with.
D.Keep away from.
【小题3】What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.How to achieve success.
B.How to keep one’s self-confidence.
C.The challenges that one should overcome.
D.The reasons that affect one’s self-confidence.
【小题4】In the author’s opinion, it’s important that one ______.
A.should not forget his failures
B.should follow others’ advice
C.should not lose heart
D.should adjust to life

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