Before the invention of hair dryer,vacuum cleaners were being used for the purpose of drying and styling hair. The early vacuum cleaners could draw in air as well as blowing air.So,towards the end of the 19th century,women used to dry their hair by using a vacuum cleaner.
In 1890,a French salon owner Alexander F.Godefroy invented the first hair dryer.It blew warm air.However,it was not widely used,mainly because of its large size.
The first convenient hand-held hair dryer used at home came up in 1920.It weighed over 2 lbs.However,it only produced 100 watts of power,which was not enough to dry the hair.After almost ten years came the gas-heated dryers that were widely used in barber shops.However,these dryers produced heat that was harmful to hair and the air from them made people sick,so they were soon gone.
Around the 1940s and 1950s,the helmet(头盔)style electric dryers came into being.Curly hairstyles were popular during that time.Therefore,women used curlers and sat under the dryers to set their curls.Later,the curly style began to drop,and so did the popularity of the helmet style electric dryer.
In the late 1950s,the first workable hair dryer was made.It had a hand-held dryer.It used only 300-400 watts. Ever since the 1950s,hand-held dryers have experienced many changes,in order to become quieter,lighter and smaller.However,how it works largely remains the same.The modem technology has made improvements to the hair dryer,reducing the heat damage to a person's hair.For producing shinier,smoother and healthier hair,dryers have been included with negative ion(负离子)technology that dries hair faster and with less heat.
【小题1】What do we learn about the hair dryer invented by Alexander F.Godefroy?A.It looked like a vacuum cleaner. | B.It was once very popular. |
C.It was inconvenient to use. | D.It blew too hot air. |
A.It needed too much power. | B.It couldn't be held by hand. |
C.It was not easy to be carried around. | D.It couldn't dry hair effectively. |
A.To reduce the sizes of hair dryers. | B.To make hair dryers more beautiful. |
C.To produce better hair in a beautiful way. | D.To save more power and time for users. |
Chinese Kung Fu (Martial Arts or as popularly referred to as Gongfu or Wushu ) is a series of fighting styles which has developed over a long historical period in China.
In order to survive in an extremely hostile environment, our primitive Chinese ancestors developed primary means of defense and attack that included leaping, tumbling and kicking.
Over the centuries of development in China, Kung Fu has become a large system containing various schools or sects. It is recorded that there are over 300 distinct types of boxing existing around the country.
A.Although being fighting styles, Kung Fu advocates virtue and peace, not aggression or violence. |
B.The most outstanding and influential schools are listed as follows. |
C.Although they knew how to fight with rudimentary weapons made from stones and wood, fighting with bare hands and fists became essential skills. |
D.In the recent years, learning Chinese martial arts has been more and more popular among people of different ages and nationalities. |
E.The styles in northern and southern China are quite different, so it is hard to be simply classified. |
F.Nowadays, it is regarded as a traditional sport gaining more and more popularity and even stands as a representative for Chinese culture. |
People have been making and flying kites for about 2,000 years.
Kites were also used to develop airplanes. The Wright Brothers experimented with kites before they flew the first airplane.
Today most people fly kites as a hobby. Kite festivals are organized in many cities in all parts of the world.
A.Kites are made in many different sizes, colors and shapes. |
B.flying kites is great fun and it is easy if you know some secrets. |
C.Kites have also been used in experiments. |
D.No one knows for sure who invented the kite. |
E.In Japan families fly fish kites on Children's Day, May5th. |
F.Stories of kites were brought to Europe till the end of the 13th century. |
G.In the past, kites were sometimes used to take pictures in wars. |
The discovery of the ruined palace in the Mosul Dam reservoir on the banks of the Tigris River inspired an archeological dig that would improve understanding of the Mittani Empire, one of the least-researched empires of the ancient Near East, a team of German researchers said. “The find is one of the most important archeological discoveries in the region in recent decades,” Kurdish archeologist(考古学家) Hasan Qasim said.
The palace would have originally stood just 65 feet from the river on a terrace(梯田). A terrace wall of mud bricks was later added to make the building stable. Ivana Puljiz, an archeologist from the University of Tübingen’s Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies, describes the palace, known as Kemune, as a carefully designed building with mud-brick walls up to 2 meters (6.6 feet) thick.
The team also found wall paintings in shades of red and blue, which were probably a common feature of palaces at the time but have rarely been found preserved. “Discovering wall paintings in Kemune is an archeological sensation,” Puljiz said in a press release, “Kemune is only the second site in the region where wall paintings of the Mittani period have been discovered.”
Ten clay tablets covered in cuneiform, an ancient system of writing, were also discovered and have been sent to Germany for translation. “From the texts we hope to gain information on the inner structure of the Mitani Empire, its economic organization, and the relationship of the Mittani capital with the administrative centers in the neighboring regions,” Puljiz added.
Archeologists first became aware of the site in 2010 when water levels in the reservoir were low, but this is the first time they have been able to dig. However, the site was submerged(淹没) shortly after the dig, Puljiz said, adding“It is unclear when it will come out of water again”.
【小题1】The function of the archeological dig is to ________.A.attract people to travel to the Tigris River |
B.help people know the Mittani Empire better |
C.show ways of rebuilding the Mosul Dam reservoir |
D.provide some clues about research on the Near East |
A.To make the palace firmly built. | B.To offer tourists a place for rest. |
C.To give tourists a good view. | D.To make the building better designed |
A.Kemune is different from any other palace. |
B.Wall paintings were an important discovery. |
C.Kemune is famous for its special wall paintings |
D.Wall paintings were first discovered in the Mittani Empire. |
A.Translating the cuneiform into English | B.Knowing relationships between regions. |
C.Waiting for the water level to drop. | D.Understanding the structure of the empire. |
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