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Nowadays people are facing lots of threats(威胁)all over the world.

A serious threat to farmers in many parts of the world is erosion(侵蚀).Erosion happens if a large area of land is cleared of trees and is then badly treated by the farmers.The rain and winds may gradually wash away,or blow away much of the topsoil.When this happens,crops of wheat and corn become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well.If erosion continues,it will turn good land into a desert.

In the past,when erosion appeared,farmers sometimes moved to a new place to farm.Sometimes they could not move,but continued to try to grow food in the unhealthy soil.This caused them to sink into poverty.Soon some people realized that there was little rich,fertile soil in the world.The government began to try to stop erosion.

One of the first experiments to stop erosion began in the United States in 1933.The experiment was carried out in the area of the Tennessee River.Flood and bad farming in this area had ruined the land that had once been rich.As a result,most of the people living around the Tennessee River were very poor.

The government built big dams across the river and stored the water for use during the dry season,when there was no rain.The government workers also helped the farmers fertilize their soil and to learn new farming methods which could stop erosion.

In the beginning,the farmers were not interested.But soon,good healthy crops began to appear on the land where new methods were used.Ten years after that the crops were extremely good.The great success of this experiment led to similar projects in other parts of the world.

With the development of science and technology,people are trying to get rid of all the threats they are facing. However,it's not an easy job,because at the same time people are polluting their homeland.

【小题1】Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Tennessee River area?
A.It was an area seriously affected by erosion.
B.It used to be a poor and infertile land.
C.It often suffered from floods.
D.It has become a model for other parts of the world to follow.
【小题2】In the third paragraph “to sink into poverty” means_________.
A.to become very poor
B.to lose topsoil in erosion
C.to become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well
D.to return into a desert
【小题3】The main purpose of this passage is to tell people________.
A.something can be done to prevent erosion
B.the importance of using new farming methods
C.the serious result of erosion
D.how erosion happens
18-19高三上·黑龙江伊春·阶段练习
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When Sarah Lee was a child, she loved to watch the birds in her backyard and wonder how they could fly so effortlessly. As she grew older, Sarah became interested in the science behind flight and decided to study aerospace engineering in college.

After graduation, Sarah began working for a company that designed airplanes. However, she soon realized that the traditional methods of airplane design were not always efficient or sustainable. She began to wonder if there was a way to design airplanes that mimicked the natural world.

Sarah started to study birds and insects, observing how they were able to fly with such grace and efficiency. She asked questions like: How do birds adjust their wings to different wind conditions? How do insects use their wings to hover in place?

With this knowledge, Sarah began to design airplanes that incorporated biomimicry, or the imitation of nature. She created wings that could adjust their shape based on wind conditions, just like a bird’s wings. She also designed planes that could hover in place, like a dragonfly.

Sarah’s designs were a hit. Her company began to produce airplanes that were more efficient and sustainable than ever before. They used less fuel and emitted fewer pollutants into the air.

Sarah now travels around the world, giving talks on the benefits of biomimicry in engineering. “Nature has been solving problems for millions of years,” she says. “We can learn a lot from the natural world if we just take the time to observe and ask questions.”

【小题1】What made Sarah Lee’s interest in aerospace engineering?
A.Her fascination with airplanes.
B.Her desire to study flight science.
C.Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.
D.Her love for watching birds in her backyard.
【小题2】What is one example of biomimicry in Sarah’s airplane designs?
A.Wings that adjust their shape based on wind conditions.
B.Engines that run on renewable energy sources.
C.Cockpits that mimic the structure of a bird’s nest.
D.Landing device that resembles insect legs.
【小题3】Based on the article, what can be inferred about Sarah Lee’s career goals?
A.She wants to become a pilot.
B.She aspires to be an aerospace engineer.
C.She plans to study birds and insects.
D.She aims to design efficient airplanes.
【小题4】What does the underlining word “mimicked” mean?
A.Violated.B.Imitated.C.Resembled.D.Pretended.

Reflect on our relation with nature

UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, “ 【小题1】.” Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out (迅猛攻击) at us.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example. 【小题2】 and probably has an intermediate host. It’s said that the virus originated from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.

The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, “This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale (规模), human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病).”

In the ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe . For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. 【小题3】

However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and odd animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.

【小题4】, Brian Lamacraft at Medium said it’s time for people to “reflect on our relationship with our planet” and “reconnect with this world and everything that we’ve been given”. After all, according to US poet Gary Snyder, “【小题5】

A.Nature is not the place to visit. It’s our home
B.Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy
C.Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings
D.It reminds us that the past outbreaks did severe damage to the human society
E.Although we don’t know for sure what first caused the NCP outbreak
F.The new coronavirus is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017
G.The only mother of human beings are now facing a great threat-environmental problem
Text 1
David,

I’ve been planting things in my garden.

First, I put some vegetables in one part of the garden. I planted some potatoes and carrots by the white fence. I look forward to eating them when they re ready.

I also planted some pink flowers called foxgloves to make the garden look attractive.

A few days ago, I cut some flowers off foxgloves growing wild near my home and took out their seeds (种子). I planted these seeds in various places around my garden. I planted some in the center of the garden and some near the vegetables. In both places, they can get lots of sunlight. I planted a few in the shade (荫) of the big apple tree. I also planted some by the pond (池塘), and I covered them completely to stop birds from eating them.

I don’t know when they will start producing flowers, but they’ll be lovely when they do. The flowers look so beautiful that they’d make a salad look amazing.

Marjorie


Text 2

These bell-shaped purple, pink, or white flowers grow in a line stretching up to 1.8 meters. Their name probably comes from their shape. But it also has something to do with a story from Ireland. In that story, foxes (狐狸) put the flowers on their feet to hide the sound of their footsteps.

To grow foxgloves from seeds, scatter (撒) them away from direct sunlight. And, be sure not to cover them completely because they need a little light from the sun to begin growing. A fully buried seed will not produce a plant.

Strangely, although humans’ eating foxgloves can cause the heart to beat too fast or in a way that is not regular, it is also given as a medicine for heart problems. However, if not prescribed (开处方) by an expert, it is very easy to get the amount wrong. So it is strongly advised that people not eat the plant at all.

【小题1】What is the purpose of Marjorie’s letter to David?
A.To share her joy in doing some planting.B.To invite David to join her in gardening.
C.To describe what kind of flower she likes.D.To explain why she enjoys growing plants.
【小题2】What do we learn about foxgloves from Text 2?
A.The cause of their colors.B.The reason for their shape.
C.A legend related to their name.D.A belief regarding their benefits.
【小题3】What should you avoid if you want to grow foxgloves from seeds?
A.Wild birds.B.Noisy foxes.C.Heavy rain.D.Direct sunlight.
【小题4】According to the two texts, what can we infer from the end of Marjorie’s letter?
A.She is likely to make a mistake.B.She decides to perform an experiment.
C.She wishes to change a decision.D.She wants to ask David for help.

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