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Here is an astonishing and significant fact:Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It  sounds absurd.But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all!

If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins (霉素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or  even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?

Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情绪的)attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J. A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare. ”Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further, He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated— those are the emotions t hat tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

【小题1】What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood
B.Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work
C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue
D.A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins
【小题2】According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A.Challenging mental workB.Unpleasant emotions
C.Endless tasksD.Physical labor
【小题3】What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?
A.He agrees with themB.He doubts them
C.He argues against themD.He hesitates to accept them
16-17高一下·山东济南·阶段练习
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Thanks to the hard work of companies like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, and Blue Origin, space tourism is well on its way to becoming a reality. Now, California-based Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC) expects a chance for visitors to extend their “out-of-the-world” experience by checking into a grand hotel in low Earth orbit.

The 650-foot-wide Ferris-wheel-like Voyager Space Station (VSS) will consist of two rings. The inner circle will be fitted with spacecraft stations for guests. The outer ring will house the rooms. Restaurants, bars, gyms, and scientific research labs. The solar-powered hotel will spin at speeds high enough to create artificial gravity. ensuring (确保) occupants a comfortable stay, OAC hopes to attract not just tourists but also scientists and astronauts on long-distance missions.

While the idea is attractive, making VSS a reality will take time. The team is currently building modules (舱室) for a smaller model ring. The modules will be set up in zero-gravity using semi-automatic robotic tools made for the purpose. Once they are completed, OAC engineers will attempt to create artificial gravity similar to what Mars has.

Even if the model is wildly successful, transporting the VSS modules to space will cost tens of billions of dollars. However, OAC, which expects to charge $5 million per person for each 3-day stay, is confident they will take back the expense. Though the cost may seem too much, it is cheap compared to the $55 million it costs to stay on the International Space Station (ISS).

Visitors will also be able to participate in amusing activities that are not possible on Earth. Among the planned ideas are zero gravity basketball games. Blincow says, “When you jump in the air, you jump five times higher.” Also under consideration are spacewalks to allow visitors to enjoy clear views of Earth and space. If everything goes according to plan, the company plans to start construction in 2026 and welcome the first visitors to the VSS in 2027.

【小题1】Why will the hotel spin at a certain speed?
A.To make people in it feel at ease.
B.To keep pace with the inner circle.
C.To meet the requirements of scientific studies.
D.To attract more tourists and other people.
【小题2】Which step is VSS in at present?
A.Theoretic research.B.Early experiment.
C.Mass building.D.Ending stage.
【小题3】What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The financial difficulties faced by VSS.
B.The total expense on the model rings.
C.Income and expense expectations of VSS.
D.The transporting plan about VSS modules.
【小题4】What do we know about VSS?
A.It will spin in high Earth orbit.B.It will start building modules in 2027.
C.It will offer some extraordinary experiences.D.It will have the same gravity as the Earth’s.

Having a regular dentist check up is as essential for ensuring healthy teeth and gums (牙龈) as regular brushing and flossing. Here’s why you should make the trip.

Prevention is better than cure. Regular dental check-ups are recommended to maintain healthy teeth and gums. 【小题1】 Your dentist will advise you on what’s right for you. The aim of a check-up is to nip any problems in the bud, before you experience pain, lose teeth or have other health problems.

You’ve had a new medical diagnosis. 【小题2】 For example, high blood sugar levels in saliva caused by diabetes favour bacteria which can cause cavities (蛀牙). Some medications can cause oral problems ranging from dry mouth to stained teeth.

【小题3】 More and more adults are having orthodontic (正畸) treatment to straighten their teeth. Not only does it make a huge difference to your smile, it can also prevent gum disease, which is more likely to take hold if you struggle to clean crooked teeth.

You’ve got bad breath. Halitosis (口臭) is embarrassing and can sometimes leave a nasty taste in your mouth. You might have a hole in your tooth, an infection or gum disease. 【小题4】 Your family and friends will thank you for it.

Check for cancer. Dentists don’t just look for cavities and unhealthy gums. They can also spot mouth cancer and refer patients to hospital to see a specialist. Cases have risen by 34 per cent in the past decade, according to the Oral Health Foundation. 【小题5】

A.You want to improve your confidence.
B.You think it is time to have some changes.
C.However, early diagnosis can save your life.
D.Certain conditions can affect your oral health.
E.You might just be brushing too enthusiastically.
F.It varies from three months to two years depending on your oral health.
G.Your dentist can give you tips on freshening your breath more effectively.

Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?

Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.

This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums — from grammar school to college —   should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.

Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

【小题1】what does the underlined word “their” in the second paragraph refer to?
A.Low-income workers.B.Robot owners.
C.Robots.D.Researchers of the study.
【小题2】Which of the following is true?
A.All jobs will be threatened by the coming of robots.
B.Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.
C.Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.
D.Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.
【小题3】Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_______.
A.innovative potentialB.job-hunting skills
C.communication skillsD.cooperative spirit
【小题4】The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at            .
A.encouraging the development of automationB.boosting incomes
C.easing the hostility between rich and poorD.bridging the income gap

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