More cycling, better public transport and car bans… Places all over the world are taking a range of measures to lower traffic pollution.
Paris
Paris bans cars in many historic central districts on weekends, places odd-even(单双日制的) bans on vehicles, makes public transport free during major pollution events and encourages car-sharing programs. A long section of the right bank of the river. Seine is now car-free and a monthly ban on cars has come into force along the Champs-Elysees.
The Netherlands
Politicians want to ban the sale of all petrol cars from 2025, allowing only electric of hydrogen vehicles. The new law will allow anyone who already owns a petrol car to continue using it. Most cities encourage bicycle use.
Freiburg
Freiburg in Germany has 500km of bike routes and a cheap and efficient public transport system. One town, Vauban, forbids people to park near homes and makes car-owners pay 18,000 for a space on the edge of town. In return for living without a car, people are offered cheaper housing, free public transport, and plentiful bicycle spaces.
Curitiba
The southern Brazilian city of two million people has one of the biggest and lowest-cost bus systems in the world. Nearly 70% of its people go to work by public transport and the result is pollution-free air and traffic-free streets.
Copenhagen
Copenhagen prioritizes(优先考虑) bikes over cars and now has more cycles than people. The city calculates that one mile on a bike is worth $0.42 to society, while one mile in a car is a $0.2 loss. Large parts of the Danish capital have been closed to vehicles for decades.
【小题1】What will happen in Paris during major pollution events?A.Historic central districts won’t allow cars in. |
B.People can take public transport free of charge. |
C.Car-sharing programs will raise money publicly. |
D.People must obey the old-even traffic restrictions. |
A.put 500km of bike routes into full use |
B.completely forbid the use of petrol cars |
C.only allow the sale of electric or hydrogen vehicles |
D.own the biggest and lowest-cost bus system in the world |
A.Park their cars around their homes. |
B.Sell or buy parking spaces. |
C.Occupy bicycle spaces. |
D.Go to work by car. |
A.Park and Curitiba. |
B.Paris and Freiburg. |
C.Curitiba and Copenhagen. |
D.Freiburg and Copenhagen. |
With Chengdu as its station of origin and Lodz its terminal, the Chengdu-Europe Express Railway helps to build business links between the two cities. It also connects a Polish man's heart to Chengdu.
The 29-year-old Maciej Czastka comes from Lodz, Poland. He has been in Chengdu for four years since he finished his degree in East Asia relations at the University of Lodz.
"I was always hoping to visit China after graduation because of my major. I knew at that time that a cross-continental cargo train would leave from Lodz so I wanted to visit its other end," said Maciej.
After graduation, he applied to Sichuan University for language study. He now works for Amber Global Consulting, a company that provides services to Polish manufacturers and merchants to help them enter the Chinese market.
During his four-year life in Chengdu, Maciej witnessed the opening of the Chengdu-Europe Express Railway, the friendly city relations established between Chengdu and Lodz and the booming business between the two cities.
"We used to have little contact with China, and Poland itself lacks experience with exports. Now Chengdu is a well-known city in Poland and a growing number of enterprises in both countries can have direct trade with each other thanks to the Chengdu-Europe Express Railway." said Maciej.
“The express is important to the communication and cooperation between Poland and Chengdu. Both cities are now in their golden age of developments,” he added.
“For quite a long time we Polish could not overcome the geographic inconvenience of being in the middle of Germany and Russia. The Belt and Road changed that, turning our disadvantage into an advantage.”
Now the Chengdu-Europe Express Railway has been operating for four years, supporting its two ends, Chengdu and Lodz, to extend their trade and business further. As the doorway to Europe, Poland is seizing opportunities brought by the Belt and Road and engaging in the globalization of economy and trade.
【小题1】How old was Maciej Czastka when he graduated from Lodz University?A.33. | B.29. | C.26. | D.25. |
A.It is mainly good for Polish people. |
B.It has been built for more than four years. |
C.It was built by workers from China and Poland. |
D.It serves as a business link between Chengdu and Lodz. |
A.It had very few companies. |
B.It lacked trading experience. |
C.Its geographical position was inconvenient. |
D.Its economy developed very slowly. |
A.A history textbook. | B.A newspaper. |
C.A tourist guidebook | D.A science magazine. |
Since the day the car and the airplane coexisted people have dreamed of combining them into one all purpose, go — anywhere, do — anything vehicle. However, there are a lot of reasons why cars and airplanes have yet to join forces.
They have very different needs, like the number of wheels. The four wheels on a car distribute its weight and provide traction and stability. A 3-wheeled car is much more likely to roll when taking a turn at high speed. But airplanes have 3 wheels because when they're on the ground they don't need to take turns at speed, so a 4th wheel would just be unnecessary weight. Tricycle wheel arrangements are also better suited to landing in crosswinds.
Aircraft also have other needs like wings. Whether they're fixed wings like an airliner or rotary wings like a helicopter, to generate enough lift they have to be much larger than the restricted freeway lanes and parking spaces would allow. So most designs for flying cars have wings that are either detachable (可拆卸的)or foldable.
That hasn't stopped some people from trying, and now one Dutch company, PAL-V, thinks their Liberty design has made flying cars a practical reality.
In 2005, the company discovered the work of another Dutch company, Carver, which made 3-wheeled cars that leaned like motorcycles. As for generating lift, PAL-V chose a rotary design called autogyro. Unlike a helicopter, the rotor (旋转翼)of an autogyro is unpowered in flight. Instead, the air flowing over it causes it to spin and generate lift. Autogyros also have short takeoff and landing requirements, so setting one down in an emergency is less dangerous than in a fixed-wing aircraft.
The Liberty received road certification in Europe in October of 2020, hoping to deliver to their first customers starting in 2022.
【小题1】What can be learned from Paragraph 1?A.Flying cars have long been dreamed of by humans. |
B.The coexistence of cars and airplanes satisfies people. |
C.The car and the airplane are less popular nowadays. |
D.Cars and airplanes were invented at the same time. |
A.To compare vehicles like cars and airplanes. |
B.To explain the functions of wings and wheels. |
C.To present two major problems to be solved. |
D.To show the basic rules of vehicle designs. |
A.It can be controlled more easily. |
B.Its take-off needs less space and time. |
C.It consumes less power when flying. |
D.Its landing is less dangerous in emergency. |
A.Europe gives Liberty a warm welcome. |
B.Flying cars will replace the other vehicles. |
C.Liberty can be seen globally once marketed. |
D.PAL-V succeeds in making flying cars a reality. |
E-Bike Safety Tips
Before you go on your next two-wheeled adventure, make sure you’re familiar with the ins and outs of bicycle safety. E-bike is a great way to get around, save money and protect the environment. But fun as e-bikes are to ride, they still require practices to ensure your fun rides can be safe.
▲ Keep dos and don’ts in mind. Wear a helmet. A full face helmet with a face shield (护罩) can give you all around protection. Ride with the flow of traffic rather than against it.
▲ Be sure your bike is ready to ride. That starts with checking that the tires are inflated. Make sure the brakes are working properly.
▲
▲ Ride in the right lanes.
You can check the People for Bikes website (peopleforbikes.org) for more information.
A.Be aware of your speed |
B.Be cautious of proper helmets |
C.It is vital to pay careful attention to some tips |
D.Take it for adjustment before you go for a ride |
E.Don’t talk on the phone, text, or listen to music |
F.There are many other great options out there too |
G.Read the signals and pay attention to the lane markings |
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