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Putting more green space around an elementary school may help students develop some mental abilities, a study suggests.

Researchers tested students repeatedly over the course of a year on attentiveness and working memory, which is the ability to keep something in mind temporarily for performing a task. The study tracked more than 2,000 students in 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. The pupils were in the second to fourth grade when the study began. Overall, students whose schools are surrounded by more green space improve more pupils from schools with less green space.

“Policy makers should know that more green space around the school is better for cognitive (认知的) development and that they should make sure that kids can see and play in green areas,” one author, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen of the Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona, said in an email. “Existing urban schools should think about replacing concrete or other hard surfaces with green space, and even a few trees may help,” he suggested.

The researchers used satellite images to group schools according to how much green space appeared on the school ground and within about 55 yards of the school’s surrounding property. Their analysis indicated that differences in socioeconomic factors between schools did not account for the study outcome.

Sally Augustin, a psychologist in La Grange Park, Illinois, who used research on how people react to their surroundings to consult on design of buildings, products and services, said the results make sense to her. Augustin, who did not participate in the new study, said the results fit with previous findings that views of nature help children and adults lower stress and perform mental tasks better.

【小题1】What do we know about the findings of the study?
A.Attentiveness (专注) is the most important quality for students.
B.A good memory enables students to perform a task better.
C.More green space may help the mental development of students.
D.Schools surrounded by more green space are favored by parents.
【小题2】According to Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, policy makers should _______.
A.reduce the noise near the school
B.reduce air pollution from vehicles
C.provide more green space for kids
D.encourage kids to play more sports
【小题3】How are the schools classified by the researchers?
A.By green space.B.By test scores.
C.By size.D.By position.
【小题4】Why is Augustin mentioned in the passage?
A.To introduce another interesting study.
B.To make the findings of the study more convincing.
C.To present new evidence for the study.
D.To show a different viewpoint.
16-17高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习
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Many libraries around the world are as amazing in their architecture and organization as they are in the huge amount of knowledge they contain. With shelves and shelves of books, various collections and amazing historical and cultural displays. there are plenty of undiscovered wonders.

Beinecke Rare Book Library (New Haven, Connecticut)

Yale University has one of the most beautiful college campuses in America, and one of its most interesting features is the Beinecke Rare Book Library. It is one of the largest buildings in the world devoted to rare books and manuscripts (手稿) of famous people. From 2015-16 the library building was closed for 18 months for major improvement. Inside there is a stat ue of its main founder that rises up high.

Vennesla Library (Vennesla, Norway)

Located near the southernmost tip of Norway, Vennesla Library is more than a collection of books—it’s a city cultural center and meeting place. The building hosts a coffee shop, open meeting spaces, classrooms for children and adult education courses. and a cinema. It is mainly built out of wood. The long. thin beams (横梁) on the inside were designed to look like the inside of a whale.

Suzzallo Library (Seattle)

Among the many beautiful features of the campus at the University of Washington, such as its cherry flowers and a light rail station, Suzzallo Library was built in the Collegiate Gothic style. Its buttresses (扶壁) are decorated with 18 statues featuring famous academics and writers such as Plato, Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci, Dante, Galileo, Beethoven, Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.

Library of Muyinga (Muyinga, Burundi)

A school for deaf children, the Library of Muyinga in Burundi was built with local techniques and traditions. A rope hammock (吊床) that hangs between the first and second floors of the library serves as part of the children’s reading room, a great place for indoor activities.

More information of them is just a click away.

【小题1】Which library is suitable for people who want to appreciate statues?
A.Beinecke Rare Book Library.B.Vennesla Library.
C.Suzzallo Library.D.Library of Muyinga.
【小题2】What makes Vennesla Library different from others?
A.It is mainly intended for children.
B.It is a kind of culture complex.
C.It is located within the campus.
D.It is in a shape of a whale outside.
【小题3】Where is the text probably taken from?
A.A culture magazineB.A travel brochure.
C.A website.D.A historical book.

Zoos have traditionally been built in a certain way: Animals on the inside, humans on the outside, peering in. This separation is good in theory—humans and animals need to be protected from one another—but terrible in practice, as animals end up living in an environment far from a natural habitat. A new plan for a Zoo in Denmark wants to reverse those roles, giving animals more freedom in captivity while effectively placing humans inside protective barriers.

Called Zootopia, the conceptual design has the goal of turning the safari(野外观兽旅行)style zoo into a place where animals determine interaction—not humans. “Try to imagine if you asked the animals what they would like. What would they decide?” says the director of the project. “They want their nature back, so to speak, and we are going to try to create that”.

In Zootopia, animals will wander free around the perimeter while humans observe, hidden away from view in underground passageways and naturalistic architecture structures. Visitors can watch lions through an underground enclosure disguised as a hill. They'll peek out at giraffes through windowed houses built into the side of a hilly plains. Outside of the main circular entrance, there will be no traditional buildings. “We want to take away human influence,” said Zootopia's designers.

The main challenge, of course, is to design the zoo in a way that the enclosure is still there but it's not visible. The two-phase plan, which will cost around $200 million, is still in the improving and approval phase; it'll be at least five years until we see any work finished on the park, and it's likely to take upwards of 10 years before it opens. Can the animals wait that long?

【小题1】Why does a zoo in Denmark plan to create Zootopia?
A.to protect animals from humans.
B.to provide animals with a natural habitat.
C.to provide humans with more freedom in the zoo.
D.to protect humans and give animals enough freedom.
【小题2】Different from traditional zoos, in Zootopia         .
A.animals enjoy full freedom.B.there will be no conventional buildings.
C.humans watch animals without being noticed.D.humans can interact with animals at their will.
【小题3】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.It’s tricky to design the enclosure.
B.Zootopia is now under construction.
C.There is a long way to go before Zootopia operates.
D.Zootopia arouses people’s concern about animals.
【小题4】What is the passage mainly about?
A.the future of ZootopiaB.the development of Zootopia
C.the fall of traditional zoosD.the concept of a cage-free zoo

Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it.

Dios says it is the world’s first jumbo jet hostel, an actual jet-plane at Sweden’s main airport outside Stockholm which has been converted (改装) into a 25-room guesthouse that sleeps as many as 72 people.

“I learned about this plane that was standing abandoned at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings, ”he told reporters. “I thought, ‘Why not a plane? ’”

Jumbo Hostels opened for business on Thursday, giving customers the chance to check in and sleep in a room that can best be described as cozy.

“The most challenging part with this project is trying to build something inside a metal hull (外壳)—it’s just really, really tight. ”

The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines, was taken out of service in 2002. One thing the hostel has going for it is price—a room starts at 350 Swedish crowns (about﹩41), which is a lot less than hotel rooms outside of major airports.

Another feature: customers can get married on the wing of the plane and live in the plane’s more luxurious honeymoon room situated in the cockpit (驾驶舱).

Instead of walking down the aisle (走廊), lovebirds can take what Jumbo Hostels calls the“wing walk”, where they can be joined in great joy at the wing tip. The hostel has someone ready to perform the ceremony.

But in some respects, this hostel remains a plane—most customers have to share the jet’s nine bathrooms and staff only wear air steward and stewardess clothes. The only room that has its own bathroom is the honeymoon suite.

【小题1】Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios creates a new kind of jet hostel in order to______.
A.make people more comfortable
B.earn more money from people
C.change people’s idea of not sleeping on the plane
D.explore the sources of the universe
【小题2】According to the passage the jet hostel is______.
A.flying in the sky
B.hung in the sky
C.lying on the airport
D.buried underground
【小题3】This abandoned plane originally belongs to______.
A.Stockholm Airlines
B.Singapore Airlines
C.Sweden Airlines
D.Oscar Dios Airlines
【小题4】Which statement of the following do you think can best describe this passage?
A.A new fashion of wedding in the plane.
B.For travelers, a new way to get a restful night.
C.A new way to enjoy yourselves.
D.How to change a plane into a hostel.

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