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Elephants are able to know the difference between a man and a woman, and can tell an adult (成年人) from a child—all from the sound of a human voice. This is according to a study in which researchers played voice recordings to wild African elephants.

The animals showed more fear when they heard the voices of adult Masai men. Usually Masai people hunt elephants, and this suggests that animals have grown to listen for and avoid them.

Prof. Karen McComb and Dr Graeme Shannon from the University of Sussex led the study. They explained that in former research they had used similar experiments to show that elephants could tell—from the sound of a lion—whether the animal was a female (雌性) or a more dangerous male (雄性).

Prof. McComb wanted to find out if the animals used their very sharp sense of hearing to recognize danger from humans.

The scientists recorded Masai men, women and children saying, in their own language, “Look, look over there, a group of elephants are coming.” They also recorded Kamba men saying this phrase.

Masai people often come across elephants, which can result in violent (暴力的) hunting. Kamba people, however, mainly feed on agriculture, which does not generally bring them into violent touch with the animals.

When the team played recordings of these different voices through a hidden speaker, they found that elephant family groups showed more fear in response to the voice of a Masai man, than to a Kamba man’s voice. And the adult male Masai voices caused far more violent response than the voices of women or boys.

【小题1】An elephant can tell a man from a woman by sense of ________.
A.touchB.sightC.smellD.hearing
【小题2】How did the researchers get to know the elephants’ special ability?
A.By watching the elephants in the zoo.B.By playing voice recordings to them.
C.By recording the behaviors of elephants.D.By communicating with them in a special way.
【小题3】We can learn from the passage that elephants are especially afraid of ________.
A.Masai menB.Masai womenC.Kamba menD.Kamba women
【小题4】What is the best title for the passage?
A.Elephants and Human BeingsB.Differences Between Human Voices
C.Elephants Recognize Human VoicesD.Elephants at War with Human Beings
2016高一·全国·课时练习
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As a nature photographer, I have to face the wind and the rain, but I still enjoy working outside in the wild.One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment.My favorite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park.Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears.These huge, strong animals can live for 30 years.Despite(尽管)a weight of up to 300 kilograms, they can nun at a speed of around 64 kilometers per hour and are also excellent swimmers.

Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path that took me through a dark forest. When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected(反映)in the sill lake below. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. Slowly, and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned...and froze. Only meters away from me was a bear. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. Time stood still as the bear and I both’ waited to see who would move first.My legs started shaking.Somehow, I forced my finger to press the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured(捕捉)forever in a single image.

From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.

【小题1】What was the writer doing when he met with the bear?
A.Sheltering from the wind and the rain.
B.Walking through a dark forest.
C.Observing an eagle flying in the sky.
D.Taking photos of the beautiful scenery.
【小题2】How did the writer feel when seeing the bear?
A.Scared.B.RelievedC.Excited.D.Surprised.
【小题3】What does the writer want to tell in the last paragraph?
A.Be a respectable photographer.
B.Leave wild animals undisturbed.
C.Stay away from dangerous animals.
D.Get in touch with nature more often.

Recently, a homeowner in Illinois came face to face with five furry chipmunk (花栗鼠) babies that crowded together in a window well. Shocked and concerned, the homeowner contacted Wildlife Allies (WA), a team committed to the caring removal and rescue of sick and injured wildlife.

Wildlife technician Cat Downs soon arrived at the scene along with an assistant. Together, Downs and the assistant netted the chipmunks, removing them from the window well, and placed them inside a new plastic carrier. The rescuers then moved the five chipmunk babies to a grassy area nearby and put them under a wooden basket where the mother could see them. To make sure the reunion was a success, the rescuers set up cameras and hoped the chipmunk mom would soon return.

“The chipmunk babies were enveloped in fear and tiredness,” a representative from Wildlife Allies recalled. Rescuers didn’t wait long and soon found an empty wooden basket. Then, checking the camera recording, they joyfully realized that the whole family had been reunited. “When we loaded the photos on to our computer and saw the mom, a burden was lifted from our hearts and pure joy came over us,” one Wildlife Allies representative said.

The Wildlife Allies team watched in satisfaction as the chipmunk mom tended to each of her babies. “The chipmunk mom emerged and heroically freed her precious babies from the wooden basket,” Anderson Humane wrote in a post about the rescue. “With determination, she made multiple trips, releasing all five babies and carrying the last one away to safety!”

According to Skedaddle Humane Wildlife Control, chipmunk babies rely heavily on their mother throughout the first few months of their lives, as she teaches them what to eat and how to survive. Usually, families like these stick together until the fall, when the babies are old enough to stand on their own feet.

Together at last, this little family is filled with happiness, thanks to those rescuers.

【小题1】Where did the chipmunk mom find her babies?
A.Beside a grassy area.B.Inside a window well.
C.In a new plastic carrier.D.Under a wooden basket.
【小题2】How did WA team feel when checking the photos?
A.Relieved.B.Regretful.C.Discouraged.D.Motivated.
【小题3】What can we learn about chipmunk babies from the paragraph 5?
A.They stick together for food.B.They can standup afterbirth.
C.They are dependent on moms.D.They get survival skills in the fall.
【小题4】Which might be a suitable title for the text?
A.Wildlife Allies: Our Last HopeB.Guide for Wildlife Rescuers
C.Chipmunk Mom’s Rescue TripD.Reunite a Chipmunk Family

On March 18, 34-year-old Lance Karlson was walking on the beach and looking for somewhere to swim in Geographe Bay when he saw what he thought was a stingray (黄貂鱼) leap from the water.

Realizing the creature was, in fact, an octopus (章鱼), he started filming it — just in time for the angry octopus to launch itself at him. He immediately felt a sharp pain across his left arm, followed by a second strike across his neck and upper back. His goggles (护目镜) fogged and the water around him turned dark with what he thought might have been octopus ink as he struggled back toward the shore.       

"I was confused — it was more of a shock than a fright," said Karlson, "I might have hit on its home." Within a minute, a perfect imprint of an octopus tentacle (触手) appeared on Karlson's neck and back.       

A former volunteer lifeguard, Karlson rushed back to his hotel room to find something acidic to put on the wound. All his family could grab was Coca-Cola, which his wife poured over his back and the pain disappeared.

"The pain went away and more than anything since then, it's been more the physical hit that was painful.... The imprint on my neck is more from the physical hit, and I guess it makes complete sense when you look at the video I took," he said.

Karlson said he'd never seen an octopus that close before and watched Netflix documentary "My Octopus Teacher" after the incident to learn more about the species.

"They are beautiful creatures and I really hope this promotes more interest in octopuses as opposed to fear of them. I think this is a fascinating creature with clearly some very strong emotions just like we do as humans," he added.

【小题1】When did the octopus attack Karlson?
A.When he was swimming in the bay.
B.When he was shooting the octopus.
C.When he was looking for some fish.
D.When he was fighting against the octopus.
【小题2】What plays an essential role in reducing Karlson's pain?
A.The lifeguard's timely help.
B.Karson's wife's quick action.
C.The family members' efforts.
D.Karlson’s knowledge of first aid.
【小题3】What does Karlson learn from his experience?
A.The octopus is dangerous.
B.People should get away from the octopus.
C.People need know more about the octopus.
D.The physical hit from the octopus is painful.
【小题4】Which of the following might be the best title?
A.Pain from Strong Attack
B.First Aid for Octopus' Strike
C.Face to Face with Angry Octopus
D.Under Sea with Dangerous Creature

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