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Poetry, one of the essential art forms of literature, is a brief and easy way to express our feelings. Moreover, everyone understands it in their own way. Some find relief in poems; some read them simply for peace; some read poems for simple artistic pleasure.
There are some special features of poetry, which make it quite different from other forms of literature. First of all, poems have rhythmic patterns. Generally most parts of a poem follow the same form of rhythm. Poems may have rhyme, but they don't have to. The lines are neatly arranged together so that they express a particular feeling or emotion.
There can be various types of poems but according to the pattern or the form, there are mainly three types:
Lyrics: The lyric mainly concentrates on human thoughts and emotions rather than a story. Lyrics always bear song-like appeal. These are mainly short poems. Popular lyric poem forms are the elegy, the ode and the sonnet. William Shakespeare, Edmund Waller and Keats are some of the greatest lyric writers of all times.
Narrative poems: This type of poetry tells a story. Narrative poems are usually long poems. Epics(史诗) and ballads fall under this type. Some of the greatest epic poets are John Milton, Dante, Edgar Allan Poe, Alexander Pope, William Shakespe are, etc..
Dramatic poems: Any drama that is written in verse is a dramatic poem. These poems generally tell a story. Black verse, dramatic monologue(独白) and closet drama belong to this type. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson are some of the greatest dramatic poets.
Whatever the form is, one thing, which cannot be denied, is that poetry is one of the most powerful tools to express our feelings.
【小题1】What do we know about lyrics?
①They are similar to songs.
②They usually tell stories.
③They are not very long.
④The sonnet is a type of lyrics.
A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④
【小题2】We can know from the text that                 .
A.poems are weak in showing feelings
B.some poets write more than one type of poem
C.narrative poems are shorter than lyric poems
D.the sonnet and the ballad belong to the same type
【小题3】This passage is written mainly to                 .
A.tell us some simple facts about poetry
B.teach us how to write poems
C.give some advice on reading poems
D.make us interested in poems
15-16高二下·吉林长春·期末
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We've all been there:those times you need to argue your point of view to someone who you know disagrees with you. You immediately go to your keyboard and start to type out that 280-character Twitter,the Facebook reply,or a paragraphs-long email. Surely the reason,logic and strong power of your written words will persuade whoever disagrees with you to see your point of view. But new research suggests a different idea.

That research was conducted by Juliana Schroeder,assistant professor of University of California,Berkeley,and her colleagues. In Schroeder's study of almost 300 people,participants were asked to watch,listen,and read arguments about subjects they agreed or disagreed with. They were asked to judge the character of the communicator and the quality of the argument. Schroeder's team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive(抵触的)of their claims than when they read that communicator's same argument.

The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician. “One of us read a speech that was printed in a newspaper from a politician with whom he strongly disagreed. The next week,he heard the exact same speech playing on a radio station. He was shocked by how different his reaction was toward the politician when he read the speech compared to when he heard it. When he read the statement,the politician seemed idiotic,but when he heard it spoken,the politician actually sounded reasonable.

So in the workplace,speaking to someone in person often involves nothing more than walking a few doors down to their office. And that's exactly what you should do if you need to convince that boss or colleague of why your blueprint for the company or project is the right one. Only as a last way should you try to communicate with someone who you disagree with over social media. Twitter's limited text allowance and social media users' short attention make arguing your point a difficult battle.

【小题1】What's the result of the research?
A.Written words are more logical and reasonable.
B.People prefer to communicate with keyboard.
C.Spoken,not written,communication works better.
D.When reading an argument,the participants were less dismissive than hearing it.
【小题2】Why is the politician mentioned?
A.To explain what inspired Schroeder to conduct the research.
B.To summarize the previous paragraphs.
C.To introduce the reaction of the politician to the study.
D.To introduce the politician's speech.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “idiotic” mean?
A.Silly.B.Practical.C.Familiar.D.Special.
【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.To persuade your boss,you need to walk to his office and leave a message.
B.Communicating with others over social media is encouraged.
C.Arguing over social media is more convenient than speaking in person.
D.It's difficult to fully explain your points due to social media's limitation.

Scientists at Israel’s Tel Aviv University say they have created the world’s first 3D-printed heart with human tissue and blood vessels. Although the organ is only as big as a rabbit’s heart, the researchers are hoping the technology could one day be developed enough to help human patients in need of a heart transplant.

Lead researcher Tal Dvir said that while other scientists have managed to 3D-print the structure of a heart in the past, this is the first time anyone has printed an entire heart. “Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future,” Dvir said in a press statement.

Scientists used fatty tissue taken from human patients to create the heart. Some material in the tissue was reprogrammed to become stem cells. The remaining material was processed into a hydrogel. They used the hydrogel as a printing: “ink”. This method plays a key role in removing the risk that the implant will be rejected by the patient’s body. The team’s next step is to cultivate the organs in a lab and to teach them how to “behave” like hearts. Dvir’s 3D-printed hearts can currently contract, but the cells still need to develop a pumping ability. His team eventually plans to test the hearts in animals.

“Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely,” Dvir said. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About 610,000 people die of this disease in America every year─amounting to about 1 in every 4 deaths. There are currently more than 3, 700 people waiting for a heart transplant in the United States, according to data from the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

【小题1】What is the purpose of creating the 3D-printed heart?
A.To develop 3 D-printed technology.B.To help patients receive a new heart.
C.To study the hearts of rabbits.D.To connect hospitals with universities.
【小题2】What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The procedures of the research.B.The importance of the research.
C.The method of the 3D-printed heart.D.The material of the 3D-printed heart.
【小题3】Why does the author mention the current situation of heart disease patients?
A.To appeal to hospitals to reduce medical fees.
B.To explain the main reason for heart disease.
C.To show the need to advance the new technology.
D.To urge researchers to develop effective medical devices.
【小题4】What is Dvir’s attitude towards the new technology?
A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Indifferent.

What are the best careers for the future? Of course, nobody can say for sure what the future holds. The best we can do is make educated guesses based on past and current trends. The occupations below are probably some of the most promising future careers.

1. Organizational disruptor

The expansion of companies often leads to some loss of their innovative ability, which weakens their competitiveness against those more creative start-ups. A disruptor would be responsible for promoting creativity, risk-taking, cooperation, and innovation, by bringing about some changes that might be wild in an organization.

2. Personal education guide

Compared with online programs today, education could be better able to meet individual needs, even with improved convenience. Like an adviser, a personal education guide may assist people with on-demand course selection or the planning of personalized training.

3. Custom body part manufacturer

Doctors may expect custom organs grown or 3D printed using their patients’ own cells. After all, scientists' creation of hearts, kidneys, and livers has already had some success in the labs. Even external body parts inclining skin and ears have been grown.

4. Pharmaceutical artisan

The increasing popularity of 3D printing may enable the quick production of customized medications based on individual needs. It’s possible that artisanal drugs would be created according to one's unique genes, habits, and medical history.

5. Brain implant specialist

We are making greater progress in understanding how the complex human brain works, so it’s highly possible that we would create something amazing by combining the rapid advances in neuroscience with the advantages of computer technology. In the future, one can have a specialized computer chip put into his brain to treat certain health issues, such as diseases, mood disorders, and paralysis.

【小题1】Whom should you contact if you want to train to be more competitive?
A.A brain implant specialist.B.An organizational disruptor.
C.A custom body part manufacturer.D.A personal education guide.
【小题2】What is the main duty of pharmaceutical artisans?
A.To promote 3D printing.B.To develop personalized medications.
C.To speed up medicine production.D.To apply technology to tests for diseases.
【小题3】Which of the following words can best describe the future jobs?
A.Informative.B.Entertaining.C.Customer-based.D.Labor-saving.

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