School buses are familiar to most people. However, Sam Balto, an elementary school teacher, creates a brand-new ______ of school buses in Portland, Oreg. ______ loading kids into the yellow vehicles, he involves them in a school “bike bus”. The bike bus ______ differently from the way school buses do. There’re two meetup locations for kids. After the two groups ______, the children cycle to school together.

Though popular in some areas, bike buses are still ______ in the U.S. Balto’s idea for that began as an initiative for Earth Day, which surprisingly became a ______, with most students in Balto’s school participating. Then he decided to ______ . Now ______ the bike bus in action. “Kids ______ the ride. Parents notice on bike bus mornings, kids get up and out of home ______. They’ re eager to be with friends,” said Balto. Actually, its ______    go beyond promoting socializing. The physical activity helps ______ kids’ strength and it’s also climate action.

Right now, Balto feels it’s ______ to offer the bike bus once a week and he’s relying on volunteers and seeking official ______. “It can be a daily way to transport kids if cities or schools pay adults to lead it,” Balto explained. If possible, he encourages other Portland schools to ______ them. “More kids across the city should have such pleasant experiences.”

In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact, for decades, there has been a general ______ trend in the number of accidents per departure.

Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation (航空) seems to be a(n) ______. Since the 1960s, U.S. commercial aviation has become significantly more complex, and yet, flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to ______. Here are two of them.

Teach people to speak up—and to listen

A common error during airplane accidents used to be the ______ of first officers to question the captain’s poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went ______.

All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The program revolutionized the ______ not just of the cockpit (机舱) but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a ______ issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer ______ to question the decisions of a superior; it was required. And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.

The lesson isn’t simply that people lower down in the ______ should speak up and higher-ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace ______ isn’t hardwired in our personality or cultural background; it’s a skill we can learn.

Learn from small failures and close calls

In 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity (豁免权) for a mistake, it’s a point of ______ for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can ______, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter, Callback.

Here, too, there is a ______ lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might ______ in our system. Mistakes shouldn’t be ______. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.

Just as there are a variety of technologies available in conventional vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles (also known as electric cars or EVs) have different capabilities that can___________different drivers’ needs. A major _________ of EVs is that drivers can plug them in to charge from an off-board electric power source. This distinguishes them from hybrid electric vehicles, which_________ an internal combustion engine with battery power but cannot be plugged in.

There are two basic types of EVs: all-electric vehicles (AEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). AEVs include Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). _________ charging from the electrical grid, both types are charged in part by _________ braking, which generates electricity from some of the energy normally_________ when braking. Which type of vehicle will fit your lifestyle _________ your needs and driving habits.

All-electric vehicles (AEVs) run only on electricity. Most have all-electric ranges of 80 to 100 miles, _________ a few luxury models have ranges up to 250 miles.  When the battery is _________, it can take from 30 minutes (with fast charging) up to nearly a full day (with Level 1 charging) to recharge it, depending on the type of charger and battery.

If this range is not __________, a plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) may be a better choice. PHEVs run on electricity for shorter ranges (6 to 40 miles), then __________ over to an internal combustion engine running on gasoline when the battery is depleted. The ________ of PHEVs allows drivers to use electricity as often as possible while also being able to fuel up with gasoline if needed. Apart from reducing tailpipe emissions, powering the vehicle with electricity from the grid, compared with conventional vehicles, ________ fuel costs. When driving distances are longer than the all-electric range, PHEVs act like hybrid electric vehicles, consuming less fuel and producing fewer emissions than similar conventional vehicles. Depending on the model, the internal combustion engine may also power the vehicle at other times, such as during rapid acceleration or when using heating or air conditioning. PHEVs could also use hydrogen in a fuel cell, biofuels, or other alternative fuels as a back-up __________ gasoline.

Following some best practices can help you __________ your all-electric range and vehicle efficiency whether you have an AEV or PHEV.