Most of my classmates lived near their grandparents, and I would routinely hear stories of extended families(大家庭) regularly spending time with one another, fishing at "grandpa’s" house or going over to "grandma’s" for her famous fried chicken. We were disappointed that we did not get to spend more time with our grandparents, but our love for them remained deep and strong.
We always expected a road trip to Oklahoma. We would count the days, and when the day came, the entire family would pile into our car at four o'clock in the morning. Crossing the Mississippi River into Louisiana, the landscape(风景) changed. Crossing the Red River in Oklahoma, we were in a foreign world.
Every trip to see my grandparents can’t be without bringing delight. We jumped out of the car in their driveway to be met with bear hugs. My grandparents wanted to know everything about their grandchildren, and we would sit for hours and tell story after story. Grandma had a meal planned, and you could bet she fixed her grandsons’ favorite foods. Of course the best part of the visit was that we were able to do whatever we wanted without punishment from our grandparents. Grandma and Grandpa always had presents for us, neat scenic trips planned and lovely surprises, such as the time we got to go to a local restaurant and eat the world’s largest hamburger.
【小题1】The family don’t visit the grandparents often because .
A.they seldom have a vacation |
B.they have a bad attitude to them |
C.they are all busy with their work |
D.they live far away from each other |
A.often felt deep sorrow |
B.would call his grandparents |
C.felt a bit jealous at heart |
D.would feel sorry for his poor life |
A.were full of great excitement |
B.found they were in a foreign world |
C.shared cooking skills with each other |
D.seemed not to be familiar with each other |
A.Distance can’t break the bond of love. |
B.Physical separation hurts the heart deeply. |
C.Distance leads to the most beautiful scene. |
D.Family life is filled with love and understanding. |
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in line with a child's growing grasp of social and moral standards. Children aren't born knowing how to say “I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. It is deeply uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what role guilt can serve”, says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our own goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their disgusting behaviors. And vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral wrongdoings. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. The ones more likely to feel guilty tended to share more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other children.
“That's good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
【小题1】The underlined word “appease” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.A.content | B.disappoint | C.amuse | D.distract |
A.general impression of guilt being overestimated |
B.incorrect idea about the nature and function of guilt |
C.out-of date belief of guilt being their primary burden |
D.long-held prejudice against those who often feel guilty |
A.It's necessary to ensure kids feel guilty about their wrongdoings. |
B.Regretful kids need to be given a chance to correct their behaviors. |
C.Feeling guilty has the power to make kids become more sympathetic |
D.The highest guilt could possibly be found in kids with the lowest sympathy. |
A.Guilt vs Sympathy | B.Good News for Guilty People |
C.Don't feel Guilty About Your Guilt | D.What Lies Underneath Your Guilt |
We like to think we can read people like a book, relying mostly on facial expressions that give away the emotions inside. But when it comes to the strongest emotions, we read much less from facial expressions than we think we do. In fact, even though we believe it’s the face that tells the story, we’re typically reading something very different: body language.
That’s the new finding from a study published this week in the journal Science. Researchers from Princeton, New York University, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem presented volunteer study participants with a series of pictures showing people experiencing extreme emotion, either positive or negative. The images included professional tennis players who had just won or lost a point in a major match.
In some of the images, researchers only show the study participants a face; in others, only a body; and in others still, both the body and the face. You might think it’d be obvious from a face whether he has just won Wimbledon. But it turns out it isn’t.
“The striking finding was that our participants had no clue if the motion was positive or negative, when they were judging faces only,” says lead study author Hillel Aviezer from Hebrew University. “By comparison, when they were judging the body (with no face), or the body with the face, they easily told positive from negative expressions.”
The findings are doubly surprising because the study participants themselves were convinced that they recognized the emotions from the faces, not from body language. “They even had their own theories about what part of the face was most important — but this was a false idea,” Aviezer says. He adds that we do, of course, read a great deal of emotional information from faces but only in certain situations.
“I think the findings may have some clinical applications,” he says. “Consider populations such as individuals with autism (孤独症). We know these people often have difficulties with recognizing facial expressions,” he says. “Until now we have been trying to help them by training them to better understand just the faces. But our work suggests that perhaps we should teach them how to recognize emotions from the full person.”
【小题1】Compared with facial expressions, body language is ________.A.more important for showing strong emotions |
B.good at expressing more negative feelings |
C.more difficult to recognize and understand |
D.especially important for professional tennis players |
A.just a body | B.just a face |
C.a full person | D.negative emotions |
A.could explain the reasons behind their judgments correctly |
B.read most emotional information from faces |
C.overstressed the importance of faces |
D.could recognize the emotions easily |
A.may offer new ways to recognize facial expressions |
B.can be used to understand some patients’ feelings |
C.can help people deal with negative emotions |
D.may help people with communication problems |
A.In a health magazine. | B.In a news report. |
C.In a science textbook. | D.In a personal diary. |
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