Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites.Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator(赤道).Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates.A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线)facing the earth.Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit(轨道),So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position.This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth.A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired.Often,very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time.This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash(撞)into each other.
【小题1】Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A.Sending information for weather forecast. |
B.Taking photographs of the Earth. |
C.Sending TV pictures. |
D.Providing food for airplane pilots. |
A.35,880 kilometers per hour. |
B.335,880 kilometers per hour. |
C.11,000 kilometers per hour. |
D.110,000 kilometers per hour |
A.In order to take photographs. |
B.In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit. |
C.In order to move away from its orbit. |
D.In order to send television pictures. |
A.A satellite. |
B.A little rocket. |
C.A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky. |
D.The satellite puts the rockets in the right position. |
It sounds like something from science fiction — a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is:
The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite (人造卫星), before anyone else.
However, not everyone agrees.
It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.
A.Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them. |
B.And the US landed on the Moon first. |
C.One of these could be the survival of our species. |
D.May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science? |
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was filled with life. |
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough. |
G.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars? |
NASA’s (美国宇航局的) newly announced space tourism program is possibly the biggest mistake in the agency’s history.
Beginning as early as 2020, NASA will offer visits to the International Space Station for $35,000 per night, not including transportation, to pretty much anyone who can pass a physical.
The reason this is a mistake, and a big one, is that NASA has worked for generations to create an image of astronauts as extraordinarily skilled, highly trained, courageous heroes. For example, NASA invites grade schools to participate in creating experiments that are carried on the space station. The astronauts talk to kids from space, sending a message that if you study, work hard and learn math and science, you may reach these heights, too.
According to one report, Las Vegas-based Bigelow Aerospace is making plans to haul four tourists at a time to the space station on SpaceX rockets. U.S. taxpayers forked over a hundred billion dollars to build the International Space Station. It would be nice to try to preserve the image of it as an inspirational achievement, instead of turning it into a flying Howard Johnson’s.
NASA’s press release about the space tourism program tries to cast it as a partnership with the private sector to “provide expanded opportunities” at the space station to “manufacture, market and promote commercial products and services.” But it also states that one goal is “quantifying NASA’s long-term demand for activities in low-Earth orbit.”
The space station has been costing U.S. taxpayers between $1.5 billion and $3 billion each year. If it’s perceived as a private Disneyland for the top tax bracket, public support for the entire space program could be at risk.
But worse, we will have degraded what once inspired us. Sometimes a nation needs stars in its eyes.
【小题1】What is NASA’s space tourism program?A.To invite students to attend their experiments. |
B.To send visitors to the space station. |
C.To run a restaurant in the space station. |
D.To build a Disneyland in the space station. |
A.It may influence the science experiment negatively. |
B.It will cost people a lot of money. |
C.It is too dangerous for visitors. |
D.It may destroy the image of astronauts. |
A.Planets. | B.Satellites. | C.Wealthy tourists. | D.Astronauts. |
Studies of Mercury — the planet closest to the sun-show that it has shrunk by about 11 kilometers across since the solar system’s birth 4.5 billion years ago. As the planet cooled and contracted (收缩), its surface had many long curved ridges (山脊) similar to the wrinkles on a bad apple.
A new research on these ridges, called lobate scarps (瓣状陡坡), has found more of them, with steeper faces, than ever before. The discovery suggests that Mercury shrank by far more than the previous estimate, says Paul Byrne, a planetary scientist. The finding helps explain how Mercury’s huge metallic core (中心) cooled off over time. It may also finally settle the differences between theoretical scientists, who had predicted a lot of shrinkage, with observers who had not found evidence of that — until now. “We are resolving a four-decade-old argument here,” Byrne added.
Planetary scientists have been arguing over Mercury’s lobate scarps ever since the Mariner 10 spacecraft flew past the planet three times in 1974-1975. Researchers can use measurements of the length and height of the scarps to calculate how much planetary shrinkage they represent. That shrinkage is a product of Mercury’s strange structure — “like a core floating through space with a thin outer blanket,” says Byrne. Most of the planet is made of that large core, and so it would have cooled rapidly as heat rushed toward its surface.
The latest data, coming from NASA’s MESSENGER probe and covering the entire planet, showed many lobate scarps with sharp steeper faces, Byrne said. It also uncovered details on another kind of surface feature that may be related to shrinkage. These “wrinkle ridges” are less pronounced than the lobate scarps but may also have formed during contraction. Combined, the data on the lobate scarps and the wrinkle ridges suggest that Mercury’s diameter (直径) has shrunk by 11.4 kilometers, Byrne said.
【小题1】How does the author explain the formation of the ridges on Mercury?A.By making a comparison. | B.By providing some figures. |
C.By describing the process. | D.By following the order of time. |
A.It helps explain why Mercury has a huge metallic core. |
B.It shows Mercury shrinks much less than previously thought. |
C.It reveals there are less ridges on Mercury than people thought. |
D.It helps settle the argument between theoretical scientists and observers. |
A.It’s large core with thin surface. | B.The lobate scarps and wrinkles. |
C.The pronounced wrinkle ridges. | D.The length and height of the scarps. |
A.The latest data came from NASA’s Mariner 10 probe. |
B.The lobate scarps may have formed before Mercury’s contraction. |
C.The latest data provided supporting evidence of Mercury’s shrinkage. |
D.The data suggests that Mercury’s diameter has shrunk to 11.4 kilometers. |
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