Scholars in quest of demystifying the enigmatic depths of the subaquatic cosmos have been bestowed with a trove of invaluable data, courtesy of a conglomerate of international experts who have compiled a compendium delineating the fauna that emit or are anticipated to emit acoustic waves beneath the waterline.

Under the aegis of Audrey Looby, a luminary from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds consortium, in unison with the World Register of Marine Species, has meticulously chronicled 729 species of marine mammals, aquatic vertebrates, and invertebrates that generate either active or passive auditory signals. Furthermore, the register encompasses an additional 21,911 species presumed to be potential sources of sound.

“Given that the aquatic expanse envelops more than 70% of the Earth’s terrestrial envelope, the majority of our planet’s ecosystems are submerged, and it is a prevalent misconception that the majority of these aquatic entities exist in an auditory vacuum. The recently unveiled exhaustive digital repository, which catalogues the known sound-producing creatures, is unprecedented and has the potential to transform the domains of marine and aquatic science,” elucidated the team of investigators.

“The act of eavesdropping on the subaquatic symphony can unveil a plethora of insights regarding the species that orchestrate these sounds and serves a multitude of applications, from the stewardship of fisheries, the detection of invasive species, to the appraisal of the imprint of human activity on the environment,” remarked Looby, who is also the co-architect of FishSounds, a repository that curates a spectrum of research records on the acoustic emissions of fish.

The research of this collective was disseminated in the annals of Scientific Data and featured contributions from 19 scribes hailing from six distinct nations. “Comprehending the modalities of interaction between marine species and their environs is of paramount global significance, and the unrestricted availability of this dataset marks a monumental stride towards this aspiration,” proclaimed Keran Cox, an affiliate of the investigative cadre.

“The majority of individuals are acquainted with the vocalizations of cetaceans or marine mammals, yet are frequently astonished to discover that a multitude of fish and invertebrates also utilize sound as a medium of communication,” Looby stated. “Our database serves to exemplify the ubiquity of sound production in the subaquatic realm across a diverse array of creatures, yet our understanding remains in its infancy, with much yet to be uncovered.”

Growing plants at home is a fun and enjoyable activity to do and can be developed as a new hobby. 【小题1】 Let’s take a look.

Gardening reduces stress. Gardening is one of the most effective, and fun ways to free yourself from the physical, mental, and emotional stress you have been carrying since the beginning of the week. If you are overworking yourself during the weekdays or seeing yourself drowning in stressful thoughts, try to spend your weekends gardening at home. 【小题2】 The sweet smell of the wet soil and the plants’ fascinating colors has a calming effect on our minds.

【小题3】 Just like plants that need sunlight to photosynthesize (光合作用), we also need to be exposed to sunlight. Our body produces or makes natural Vitamin D when the sunlight touches our skin. Gardening outdoors allows us to be exposed to sunlight and, in turn, the sunlight enriches us with Vitamin D. Vitamin D helps protect our body from getting diseases such as cancer.

Gardening is good for your heart. Gardening requires our body to move around by doing simple tasks such as digging the ground, planting seeds, pulling out weeds, and carrying a water container’s load. 【小题4】 They allows our body to burn calories and fats, and help strengthen our heart, reducing the risk of suffering from heart attack.

By spending our free time gardening and monitoring our plants’ growth, we are also taking care of ourselves as we gain lots of health and emotional benefits. It is a worthwhile activity because we get to see the results of our hard work when our plants start growing fonder and healthier. The way we take care of our plants reflects the way we take care of ourselves. 【小题5】

Grapes are popular fresh fruit, and people also love to make them into wine, jam, juice, various candied fruit, jelly, vinegar, grape seed extract and grape seed oil. Grapes are very useful, and many countries have good growing conditions to grow them. 【小题1】 The following are some fascinating facts about one of the most common fruits.

In order to find more environmentally friendly synthetic leather, Vegea, an Italian company founded in 2018, has developed a product that can be completely recycled from the grape waste left over from winemaking. 【小题2】, including vegan-friendly shoes, bags, and boxing gloves.

Grapes and their derivatives (raisins, wine, and grape juice)are poisonous to dogs: They can cause kidney (肾脏) failure, which can cause their final death.

【小题4】 The seeds and thicker skins on wine grapes add more flavor and color to the wine, while their greater sweetness speeds up fermentation (发酵) process. Table grapes are usually larger and more palatable: juicy with firmer flesh and a less strong taste, with thinner skins and fewer seeds.

Thanks to its favorable climate and growing conditions, China has been growing grapes for more than 2000 years. Consumption is expected to increase from 11. 8 million metric tons in 2021-2022 to 12. 4 million metric tons in 2022-2023, making China the world’s largest consumer.

【小题5】 The country’s table grape production in 2022-2023 is expected to reach 12. 6 million tons—more than half of the world’s grape production-making it the world’s top grape producer as well.

In 2023, researchers published genetic evidence that grape vines (藤) were domesticated around 11, 000 years ago. As the scientists pointed out, “The grapevine was probably the first fruit crop domesticated by humans …It was one of the first globally traded goods.”