Color permeates(渗透)all aspects of our lives. It shapes how we sense the world, and benefits our health and mind.

【小题1】, color has a significant impact on our lives. For starters, it can make us less violent.

Being comforted—and confident

When you need some comforting and confidence, orange is what you need.

“It combines the energy of red and the happiness of yellow.” said Sara Petitt, a scientist at the Fashion Institute of Technology.

He called orange the happiest color, and described it as “red brought nearer to humanity by yellow.” 【小题2】. That is the power of orange.

Removing fear

Most human cultures dislike the color of black. Experts argue that we need black to make our wardrobes radiate sophistication but also to overcome our fears.

“In the dark, our visual sense vanishes, 【小题3】. We rely on our visual system to help protect us from harm.” said Antony, a psychology professor. But black is not as dark as we think. French artist Renoir called black the queen of all colors.

The color of your body—and love

Red is our color. Our bodies produce 2 million red blood cells every single second. We need the color red because it has a powerful effect on our brains. Scientific studies have found that the color makes us stronger, more alert, more competitive.

【小题4】, many of us get red in the face from increased blood flow.

Red can also make us appear more attractive to one another, which is why red lipstick is on billions of lips.

Keeping you healthy and calm

Our eyes can detect light between wavelengths of 400 and 700 nanometers, a range known as the visible spectrum(光波). In the middle of the spectrum resides green, 【小题5】. The color green also keeps us calm, which is one of the reasons why there is so much of green in many hospitals.

Most of us may not have realized that mice can show an emotional expression at all. But a group of German neurobiologists have proven mice can, in fact, express emotions.

Nadine Gogolla, a neurobiologist, and her fellow researchers carried out an experiment with emotive mice and linked five emotional states -- pleasure, disgust, nausea, pain and fear -- to their facial expressions.

The team stimulated mice to react in certain ways to observe how their faces changed. They found that different stimuli(刺激物) would lead to different reactions. More interestingly, not every mouse reacted the same way T0 the same stimulus. They also showed slight changes in their facial expressions: When they experienced pain, their noses drooped and their ears flicked down. When they felt fearful, their ears stuck up and their eyes widened.

Observations alone couldn't determine the intensity of those emotions, though. So the neurobiologists next built descriptors for what each facial expression would look like and trained a computer to detect them within a second. This effectively “measured" the emotions.

But emotions don't arise just in response to stimuli, the researchers noted- they originate in the brain.

So the neurobiologists took a peek inside the mice's heads using light to activate neurons(神经元) that transmit information from the environment throughout the body to cause a mouse to react. The regions of the brain associated with emotions in humans lit up in mice, too, when a mouse's face showed pleasure.

In the mice brains, neurons reacted with the same strength at the same time the mice “made a face." This suggests that there are individual neurons that could be responsible for animals' Being, though this point requires more research.

Being able to measure the emotion state of an animal can hopefully help us to understand how we can interfere with the activity in particular brain regions to ease man's suffering." Gogolla said.

A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing...right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this "play" is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way — that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, "It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children."