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I was born and raised in Minnesota, the USA, but as an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa. I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris. For the last 15 years, I’ve studied how people in different parts of the world build trust, communicate, and make decisions especially in the workplace.

While traveling in Tokyo recently with a colleague, I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers. At the end, I asked whether there were any questions or comments. No hands went up, so I went to sit down. My colleague whispered to me, “I think there actually were some comments, Erin. Do you mind if I fry?” I agreed, but I guessed it a waste of breath. He asked the group again. “Any comments or questions?”

Still, no one raised a hand, but this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience. Gesturing to one of them, he said, “Do you have something to add?” To my amazement, she responded “Yes, thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question. My colleague repeated this several times, looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comments.

After the session, I asked my colleague, “How do you know that those people had questions?” He hesitated, not sure how to explain it, and then said, “it has to do with how bright their eyes are.”

He continued, “In Japan, we don’t make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West. So when you asked if there were any comments, most people were not looking directly at you. But a few people in the group were looking right at you, and their eyes were bright. That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”

I thought to myself I would never have learned from my upbringing in Minnesota. Since then, I try to focus on understanding behavior in other cultures I encounter, and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.

【小题1】What can we conclude from the first paragraph?
A.Life in Minnesota has made the author worn out.
B.The author enjoys traveling around the world.
C.Different cultures are kind of familiar to the author.
D.The author may start his own business in the future.
【小题2】Hearing the colleague whispering, the author ________.
A.went back to his scat and got seated
B.knew his colleague had some questions
C.owed a big debt of gratitude to his colleague
D.thought his colleague would get nowhere
【小题3】Where does the author’s colleague probably come from?
A.Japan.B.America.
C.Africa.D.France
【小题4】Which is the proper title for the passage?
A.Focusing on Behavior in Cultures.
B.Looking at Another Culture in the Eye.
C.Sharing Different Cultures in Tokyo.
D.Admiring the Beauty in the Eye.
2015·福建龙岩·一模
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Imagine a small group of people with a shared passion for the same craft. They all have different skills and approaches, but they come together to share skills, share stories, and share in the joy of making something.

Modern maker culture is filling headlines and lab spaces all over the world. The way makers communicate with each other has changed over time. In the past, skills mainly came from personal sit-downs with members of the group. But sometimes a teacher wasn’t available, or the one available didn' t know how to do the skill others wanted to learn.

Today a teacher doesn' t even have to be in the same country or occupy the same decade as the students. Thanks to the work of people who take the time to break down and share the details of their craft, an interested individual can learn anything. Guides may range from videos to diagrams and text. Regardless of the media, maker resources are meant to be shared.

One of the features of the maker movement is the crossover between different interests. Perhaps a passion for cars and for leathercraft can result in a truly custom interior (定制的内饰). Perhaps a love of knitting (编织)and robotics will result in a tiny ——but very mobile ——robotic furry cat.

And once you have started your creation, finding a community to share with is no longer limited to the people nearby. Modern makers have been sharing videos of their progress online for years, contributing greatly to the rapid spread of the maker movement. As different as the participants might be, they share enthusiasm, support, and a willingness to try.

Imagine making a ping-pong table together with your makers' team. One group builds the basic frame. Another group takes on the responsibility of painting. You knit the net. There is joy in just giving it a try. It will remind you of childhood creations. Whether you are an experienced programmer or just picking up a hammer for the first time, it is never a bad time to come up with an idea, try something, and share the results.

【小题1】How did makers communicate with each other in the past?
A.By meeting face to face.
B.By asking personal questions.
C.By visiting a teacher together.
D.By sitting together in a classroom.
【小题2】What does the underlined word " crossover" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Exchange.B.Difference.
C.Combination.D.Independence.
【小题3】What greatly speeds up the spread of modern maker culture?
A.The sharing of videos on the Internet.
B.The development of education.
C.The increasing willingness to share.
D.The increasing number of participants.
【小题4】Why does the author mention making a ping-pong table in the last paragraph?
A.To advise us to start small.
B.To inspire some creative ideas.
C.To stress the importance of childhood creations.
D.To encourage us to join in the maker movement.

Samantha Cristoforetti . 2022/10/12 …仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛,所以游目骋怀,足以极视听之娱,信可乐也。Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world.

The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, & indeed, this is true happiness.



ESA及另外4人

Besides ‘‘wow” and “great”, what else would you say when flying over the Earth in space? Samantha Cristoforetti, an Italian female astronaut, posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter during her mission at the International Space Station to share her joy.

She first wrote in Chinese, and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English to help more people understand. The text she quoted is from the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion, a Chinese calligraphy masterpiece by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. She also attached three photos taken in space of China’s Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing.

The beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on Cristoforetti’s Twitter account. Her post went viral on Twitter with thousands of retweets, likes and replies in a few hours. “Her quotation of the lines shows that she observed the universe with the vision of Chinese civilization while observing China from space,” one user comments. “A European astronaut in space recites Chinese ancient poetry, how romantic,” says another.

Cristoforetti has been highly praised for her Chinese language skills. The Italian speaks half a dozen languages and has previously taken part in joint training between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the China Manned Space Agency. Apart from Cristoforetti, Matthias Maurer, a German astronaut from ESA who went to China together with Cristoforetti for the joint training, can also speak fluent Chinese. Since China and Europe have had friendly cooperation in the field of manned space flight, many foreign astronauts have shown great interest in learning Chinese.

ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher is positive about the unifying spirit of space exploration. He said, “Space is international. There is no way to put a boundary in space—because the space station and the satellites fly around the earth, cross boundaries, cross cultures, cross religions and different divides in terms of philosophy and history.”

While there may be many problems between nations here on Earth, in space, cooperation is strong.

【小题1】What made Cristoforetti post the message on the Internet?
A.The desire to show off her Chinese.
B.The amazement at the view of the space.
C.The wish to work with Chinese astronauts.
D.The duty of popularizing space knowledge.
【小题2】What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A.Cristoforetti spread Chinese civilization on her Twitter account.
B.Cristoforetti’s success in learning Chinese encouraged others.
C.Cristoforetti’s post became a hit on the Internet.
D.Cristoforetti is a genius at learning languages.
【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?
A.Space exploration settles differences between nations.
B.The longing for solving problems on Earth is universal.
C.Mastering more than one language is a trend among astronauts.
D.Cooperation in the space field bridges the gap between cultures.

Chopsticks,or Kuaizi in Chinese,are used to eat Asian food. The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made of bronze was found in the Ruins of Yin near Anyang,Henan Province,dating back to about 1,200 B. C..

Chopsticks are round on the eating end which stands for heaven,and the other end is square which stands for earth. This is because keeping enough food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth in Chinese culture.

There is no single standard for the use of chopsticks,hut better keep some rules in mind while eating with them. Playing with chopsticks is considered impolite and rude,just like playing with a fork in a western environment. Besides,chopsticks are not used to move bowls or plates or to play with one's food. Chopsticks are not supposed to stab(戳),either. Exceptions include tearing larger items apart such as vegetables. Also,chopsticks should not be left standing up in a howl of food. Any stick-like object pointing upward looks like the incense sticks that some Asians use as offerings to family members who have died. In addition,never tap chopsticks on the edge of one's bowl. as beggars are believed to make this noise to attract attention. Moreover,chopsticks should not be chewed on,or stay in one's mouth for too long.

Today,chopsticks serve many other functions. For example,you can buy a pair of chopsticks as a gift for a newly-married couple as their wedding gift. In Chinese,“chopsticks”reads“kuaizi”,which means having sons soon. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful scenery on chopsticks to make them look like fine artwork. Additionally,it has been said that using chopsticks improves one's memory,increases finger flexibility(灵活性) and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character writing and brush painting.

【小题1】We may probably find this passage in           .
A.a posterB.a magazineC.a travel guideD.an advertisement
【小题2】What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.Traditional rules for using chopsticks.
B.Different standards to use chopsticks.
C.Some exceptions to use chopsticks.
D.Cultural backgrounds for using chopsticks.
【小题3】The writer probably agrees           .
A.chopsticks can help keep enough food supply.
B.stabbing food with chopsticks is never allowed in China.
C.standing chopsticks up in a bowl of food is traditionally accepted.
D.Chinese brush painting learners may benefit from using chopsticks.

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