This is what a sailor's life was like in the 1800s.The songs sung aboard ships were called sea shanties.You have probably heard a shanty or two yourself.Many of these songs have lasted through the years.They can often be found in surprising places today.
Sea Shanties Then ...
Sea shanties were valuable friends to sailors.Some shanties, such as "Blow the Man Down," had lively words and melodies.They broke up the boredom of long trips.Other shanties, including one called "Oh, Shenandoah," had a sadder tone.They helped seafarers express longing and loneliness.Still other shanties, such as "Leave Her, Johnny," let sailors complain about their hard lives.
But the first job of the sea shanty was to help the men work as a team.Ships had sails that were controlled by a system of moving ropes.For many jobs, all of the sailors had to pull on the ropes at once.
When faced with such a job, the shantyman, or song leader, began a tune.The crew joined in on the chorus, and it might have sounded like a playful sing-along.But when the sailors came to a certain beat, they knew it was the signal to pull together with all their might.
Raising or lowering the anchor called for a rhythm with a slow, steady motion.Then, the shantyman would choose a shanty with a slow, steady beat to match the job.Each duty on the sailing ship had its own rhythm and its own kind of song.
...and Sea Shanties Now
Sea shanties have been passed down to us in much the same way as folk stories.Long ago, someone came up with a memorable idea and melody.Others repeated the shanty, often adding changes along the way.
Over time, people saw the sea shanty for the treasure it was.Like any treasure, shanties were collected.Many were written down in books.
Where do the old shanties appear now? Today's musical artists love the fun, beauty, and history of these songs.Many musicians, including Bob Dylan and Harry Belafonte, have their own versions of "Oh, Shenandoah." One group, the Robert Shaw Chorale, recorded a collection of shanties.
In Hollywood, shanties serve as a symbol of the sea.A fisherman sings the shanty "Spanish Ladies" in the film Jaws.The cartoon character Woody Woodpecker whistles "Blow the Man Down" when he finds himself aboard a pirate's ship.
Today, shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one hundred years ago.They help us understand what the working sailor sang and perhaps thought about.
So the next time you're doing a boring task, try making up a tune to go along with it.Time may pass more quickly, and your job may seem easier.Also, you may understand why sailors loved those old songs of the sea.
【小题1】The main purpose of the sea shanty in the 1800s was________.
A.to communicate with passing ships |
B.to help sailors work together as a team |
C.to allow sailors to complain about the food |
D.to give sailors an opportunity to record their music |
A.to provide material for musical artists to record |
B.to provide a source of music for Hollywood films |
C.to help sailors work together aboard modem ships |
D.to help people understand the lives of sailors of the past |
A.compare sea shanties to modem sailing songs |
B.describe how popular sea shanties are with musicians |
C.compare how sea shanties have been used over the years |
D.describe how sea shanties have influenced Hollywood films |
A.The work of sailors today. |
B.The cost of sailing ships in the 1800s. |
C.Other sailing duties that were made easier by sea shanties. |
D.Some music studios where sea shanties are recorded today. |
A.to make a scene about sailors more realistic |
B.to give a musician a chance to record the song |
C.to make the crew's daily chores pass more quickly |
D.to express the loneliness of making a film away from home |
Have you ever wanted to travel abroad and experience a culture different from your own? You can do that just by partnering with an English language school in China. Come to experience all that China will offer by becoming an English teacher and get paid to take in the culture, the traditional food, and the centuries of history.
China is making big moves to make a more English-literate society. With China’s unbelievable economic growth in the last 30 years, the country has become a worldwide financial center. English is firmly established as the international language of business and trade. And as the Chinese economy grows, the English language market in China is growing fast. In order to remain competitive globally, the Chinese government has chosen to make English instruction a priority in many schools throughout the country.
China has one of the largest school-aged populations in the world, and there are new teaching opportunities available daily. Teaching in China typically takes place in private language schools, public schools, or private international schools. The English language market in China has never been in more demand. Major cities all across the country are looking for native-born English speakers to instruct their students. Teachers are given the opportunity to earn a generous wage and enjoy many benefits while taking in the rich cultural history that China will offer. China is an extremely vast and fascinating country with plenty to do and see.
If you are looking for a teaching job in China, your best bet is to go through a teacher placement company. They have close relationships with all of the best schools in China and will work with you to place you in a school that fits your needs and your comfort level.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “English-literate” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.English speaking. | B.Able to use English. |
C.English teaching. | D.Able to teach English. |
A.China is becoming a well-developed country. |
B.Every teacher in China can get a good salary. |
C.China has a large demand for English teachers. |
D.Private schools are better than public schools in China. |
A.Establishing a language school. |
B.Traveling to China and get educated there. |
C.Getting in touch with a language school. |
D.Turning to a teacher placement company. |
A.Native English speakers. | B.English learners in China. |
C.English teachers in China. | D.Chinese learners abroad. |
My brother Stanley died last January from cancer,and I spent a lot of time with him in hospital over his last few months. I witnessed the care he received and,at the time,I thought it was poor. It shocked and hurt me.
While Stanley was sick,I was a medical student. I therefore put a lot of time and energy in the medical profession. It gave me an insider's view of the care Stanley received,when most people spending time with a very sick loved one only have an outside view. However,as I see now it made me judge the care that his doctors and nurses gave him too harshly(严厉的).
We experienced long waits in emergency departments,and doctors were unsure of the details of Stanley's case. We waited around for doctors to arrive,but they seldom turned up. But worst of all was Stanley's senior doctor. Near the end,he announced coldly that there was nothing left to try. “All the choices have been used,"he said. And with that,he left,never to be seen again.
All this affected the way I thought about my studies. Did I want to work in a field where people treated patients as if they were numbers on a chart?After Stanley died,I finished my studies and graduated with all the rest of students in my year. They went on to get jobs in hospitals,while I took a year out. I simply couldn't face working in medicine.
Finally,I applied for and got a position as a cancer doctor in a busy clinic in a big city. Now I was a cancer doctor myself,and I often had to tell patients bad news. It is a terribly difficult thing to inform someone that they have a serious illness. I also found that I couldn't always answer patients' questions. They would want to know whether they could be cured,or how long they would live,but it wasn't always possible to say.
It was then that I understood what difficult job health providers do. It made me think back to my experiences with doctors and nurses when Stanley was sick. Perhaps what I had thought was unprofessionalism(不专业)or coldness was just a reflection of the demanding nature of the work.
I began to see my patients as Stanley,and myself no longer as his sister,but one of his caregivers.
Now I was in their shoes-the people who spend every day caring for others.
I still miss Stanley horribly,but at least now the anger has gone.
【小题1】Why did the author feel upset in hospital?A.Because it was too late to cure her brother. |
B.Because the treatment was too painful for the author to bear. |
C.Because she couldn't help the doctors with her medical knowledge. |
D.Because the care given to her brother was far below her expectations. |
A.the insider's view of the care | B.the care her brother received |
C.the author's medical profession | D.the author's long stay in hospital |
A.suffered a serious illness |
B.met Stanley's doctors again |
C.communicated with her classmates |
D.experienced caring for cancer patients directly |
A.She put in efforts o save patients. |
B.She gave up her study in medicine. |
C.She applied for a job in a big city immediately. |
D.She took a year out and then got a job in a clinic. |
A.give advice on how to be a professional doctor |
B.explain how her attitude to being a caregiver changed. |
C.tell the young people the importance of being a doctor. |
D.share how she became a doctor after her brother's death |
In 2007, I was hired at the Transamerica Life Insurance Company, as a customer service representative in the distributions services department. I processed requests for distributions from our annuity(养老金)policy holders around the country. Someone might have forgotten to sign a form, for example, or might have omitted security information. To solve the problem, I’d mail the person a letter.
The company had been through several combinations, so in our department alone we had a collection of about 140 templates(模板) for letters related to distributions. The longer I worked with the letters, the more I saw how they could be improved. Some had overlapping information and could be combined. Some had incorrect grammar or needed updating. I also noticed that industry terminology(专业术语) wasn’t standard across all the versions.
When I told my department supervisor about this in 2008, she agreed that the letters needed revamping. She said I should stop what I’d been doing and start the new work. In a relatively short time, I was able to make numerous improvements and reduce the number of letters to 70. It was an informal job change until a managers’ meeting several months later.
At that meeting, a vice president who was unaware of my new work mentioned that the division’s entire stock of 1,700 letters should be reviewed. My manager told her that she knew the perfect person for the job—me. The position was still considered temporary when I took on the extra tasks, but I was able to show that the work had value, and I was officially promoted and given a raise in November 2009.
【小题1】According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true?
A.The author admired those who got a promotion in his company. |
B.It is no surprise to see people around us change their positions. |
C.The author tried his best to get a promotion in his company |
D.The author was eager to seek another job. |
A.Some information was overlooked. |
B.Some information needed to be united. |
C.Some had grammatical mistakes. |
D.Industry terminology didn’t meet the standard. |
A.repeating | B.rebuilding | C.improving | D.strengthening |
A.he was hired by the company |
B.he was promoted |
C.he was recommended at a managers’ meeting |
D.his department supervisor agreed his idea |
A.Where there is will, there is a way. |
B.Creating a position, and earning a promotion. |
C.Don’t let the chance go, when it comes. |
D.Ways to get a promotion. |
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