Mosquitofish may look small, but these invasive fish area threat. Outside of their range, they defeat other freshwater creatures--like fishes and tadpoles (蝌蚪)--and feast on their eggs. Since they don’t have any natural predators beyond their range, their population goes unchecked as they cause damage to native wildlife.

Fortunately, scientists have now invented a new tool meant to intimidate mosquitofish: a robotic fish. “Instead of killing them one by one, we’re presenting an approach that can inform better strategies to control this global pest,” id Giovanni Polverino, a biologist at the University of Western Australia. “We made their worst nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other animals around it.”

The robot, which resembles a largemouth bass(鲈鱼), one of the mosquitofish’s natural predators, was equipped with a camera to recognize mosquitofish and tadpoles. The researchers setup 12 tanks with six mosquitofish and six tadpoles in each one and allowed the creatures to adapt for a week before meeting the robot. For one hour twice a week for five weeks, each group was placed in a tank with the robot, Science News reports.

In the robotic fish’s presence, the mosquitofish spent more time getting together, and their swimming became more unstable. With the mosquitofish anxious and scared, the tadpoles ventured out more. These effects even lasted for weeks after the final encounter with the robot. When the creatures returned to their tanks, the mosquitofish were less active and didn’t eat as much, which are signs of anxiety.

The mosquitofish spent so much energy living in terror that they lost weight. Males’ body shapes also changed to become more streamlined, likely so they can escape more quickly when they’re scared, Science News reports.

Though the study showed promising results, these robots can’t be released into the water yet. The team still needs to understand the long-term impacts on other wildlife and downstream effects on the ecosystem as a whole. But Polverino says they achieved their main goal: to prove fear can affect the survival of mosquitofish.

The trend is clear: more and more people are walking around with wireless headphones. Some of the best selling headphones are from Apple, which have a high price. This price is beyond many budgets and many of us are simply not willing to pay that amount.

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A special device (设备) worn on the head that sends electrical charges into the brain may improve the memory abilities of older people. The device may even give them the ability to remember things as well as a person 20 to 30 years younger than them. These are the findings of a study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this month.

Researchers working on the study found that the age-related damage to working memory can be repaired. This is possible through stimulating (刺激) two important areas of the brain at a special rhythm. Working memory is the information held temporarily for use in immediate activities such as reasoning and decision-making.

42 younger adults aged 20 to 29 and 42 older adults aged 60 to 76 took part in the study. The researchers tested all subjects for their performance in a working memory activity. The findings are still early and only relate to healthy volunteers. But the findings could point to new ways to increase brain operation in older people suffering from diseases that affect these operations, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s patients.

Electroencephalography, or EEG, is a method of observing brain activity. Transcranial alternating current stimulation, or tACS, is the means of sending electrical charges into the brain. Using both EEG and tACS, the scientists stimulated the brains of the group of young and old people. They were able to make small changes to the brainwave connections linked to their working memory.

Without brain stimulation, the older people were slower and less correct in their memories than the younger ones. This was because the younger people had higher levels of connections of certain brain wave rhythms.

Robert Reinhart, a researcher at Boston University, said that when older adults received active brain stimulation, they improved their working-memory test scores to the levels of the younger people. The effect lasted for at least 50 minutes after the stimulation was given.