Built in 1990, the Moriyama City Firefly Forest Museum has been trying to recover the number of the Genji firefly (源氏萤火虫), whose population was near extinction in the first half of the 20th century.
In Japan, fireflies have long been the sign of summer. Moriyama’s Genji fireflies were especially prized for their vivid, yellow-green glow. However, from 1868 to 1912, a commercial firefly industry developed. In just one night, a single hunter could catch about as many as 3,000 fireflies, sweeping the earth with brushes to frighten just egg-laying fireflies from riverbanks. It was easiest to catch female fireflies when they laid their eggs. Thus, there were fewer and fewer left to produce the next generation. At the same time, a fast-urbanizing Japan was turning Moriyama’s once ideal habitats into places where few fireflies could survive. Concrete was laid on the banks where there was once grass. Wastewater ran into the waters where the larvae (幼虫) grew.
The founders set its museum in the kind of habitat that Genji fireflies would find attractive. They created an artificial river and planted its banks with grass. Inside the museum, they mate and reproduce Genji fireflies; it is still the only organization to do so in a large size. Fireflies lay thousands of eggs. When the larvae come out, they are moved to boxes with flowing water. They grow there until February when the larvae are moved to the man-made river. Then, the fireflies leave the water and take flight in June.
The museum also has educational purpose. Throughout the year, it lectures on the insect’s history and ecology in schools. They also lead museum activities and other training and awareness campaigns, including the museum’s magazine, From the Firefly Forest. Cleanup activities around waters are also organized.
The action is reasonable but, despite their efforts, the number of Genji fireflies hasn’t increased so much in Moriyama. Most other habitats continue to become worse due to urbanization. Unless people preserve them, fireflies will continue to suffer. “The only chance at recovering Genji firefly populations is to act now,” ecologist Kato warns. “We’re running out of time to provide the environmental education to save Japan’s beloved insect.”
【小题1】Why did the number of the Genji fireflies decrease?A.Because the banks where they once lived disappeared. |
B.Because the waters where the larvae grew were polluted. |
C.Because over 3,000 female fireflies were caught every night. |
D.Because a commercial firefly industry developed their habitats. |
A.It has organized various educational activities. |
B.It has helped Genji fireflies lay thousands of eggs. |
C.It has helped Genji fireflies leave the water and take flight in June. |
D.It has created the kind of habitat that the Genji fireflies would find attractive. |
A.It is reasonable. | B.It makes no sense. |
C.It wastes lots of time. | D.It needs immediate action. |
A.The extinction of Genji fireflies in Japan. |
B.The reappearance of Genji fireflies in Japan. |
C.Efforts made to recover Genji fireflies by a Japanese museum. |
D.The effect of urbanization on Japan’s favorite glowing insect. |
It was one of the hardest weeks in Michelle Burleson’s life. Her beloved 13-year-old dog, Budgie Lou, just died. There seemed to be nothing in the world that could reduce her pain until she heard a faint (微弱的) knocking on her door.
“When I heard the knock, I opened my back door, but saw nothing until I looked down to see a skinny little squirrel looking up at me”, Burleson told The Dodo.
“I noticed the squirrel was thin, so I found a handful of nuts and threw them on the patio (露台).”
She assumed that would be the end of it, but that same evening the squirrel returned. The frightened animal ran away when Burleson tried to approach her. But it didn’t take long for the two to establish a routine(常规).
“She showed up the next morning at sunrise and again at sundown, like clockwork every day,” Burleson said. “Her daily visits gave me something to look forward to.” Burleson named the squirrel Stymie. “We slowly started trusting each other more and more,” Burleson said. “At first, I was scared she might bite me or something, but she was always very gentle.”
Stymie began treating Burleson’s home as if it were her own, drinking out of Burleson’s old dog bowl and sleeping in the dog bed. “I lived at the beach so I would often leave the door open, but when I didn’t, she’d climb up to knock on the window outside my bedroom,” Burleson said. “There’s no way I would’ve felt better without Stymie showing up one day and putting a little joy back in my life.”
The little squirrel probably has no idea that she changed someone’s life forever. “She was a really great friend at one of the lowest points of my life,” Burleson said. “All I know is that animals are the best.”
【小题1】How did Burleson feel the week before the squirrel came to her life?A.Painful. | B.Shocked. | C.Relaxed. | D.Hopeful. |
A.Michelle. | B.Budgie. | C.Dodo. | D.Stymie. |
A.Come for a second time. | B.Knock on the window. |
C.Sleep on the patio. | D.Eat the dog food. |
A.Squirrels are the best choice of pets. | B.Names mean a lot to squirrels. |
C.People find animals difficult to deal with. | D.Animals can change people’s life. |
Climate activist Henry Emson told Euronews that when he became a father seven years ago, he was worried about his family’s effect on the environment. After doing some research, he found the best way to eliminate their carbon footprint was by planting giant sequoia trees(巨型红杉树).
Giant sequoias are ideal for capturing carbon dioxide because they continue to grow consistently for centuries, storing CO2 over time. General Sherman, the world’s largest sequoia tree, has stored an estimated 1,500 tons of CO2 in its trunk over the last 2,200 years and could live another 800 years. The average human could generate close to 1,000 tons of CO2 over their lifetime, so planting one giant sequoia could effectively reduce the carbon footprint of more than one person.
After realizing the power giant sequoias have to fight climate change, Emson devoted his life to planting thousands in the UK by creating the One Life One Tree project. Its final goal is to plant 100,000 giant sequoias in the UK by 2030, and according to The Mirror, as of March 2022, it has already planted 700. Trees are currently being planted near Abergavenny in Wales and the project is expanding to Devon, the Lake District and Scotland.
While the common assumption is that these giant trees can only be grown in Northern California, they actually do well in the UK at a time when the sequoia population is threatened back home.
According to One Tree One Life, 95% of the old-growth sequoia population has been logged over the past two centuries and what remains is under threat from climate change. “A 10 year+ drought and temperature increase have greatly damaged the health of the trees. A secondary impact of the drought is making them increasingly susceptible(易受影响的)to insect attack and fire,” the site says.
Considering the danger that climate change is causing giant sequoias in California, Emson’s work also benefits these trees. “They’re like climate refugees(难民)—we help them with assisted migration,” he told Euronews.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “eliminate” in the first paragraph probably mean?A.Measure. | B.Remove. | C.Overlook. | D.Spread. |
A.By giving an example. | B.By doing an experiment. |
C.By making comparisons. | D.By referring to comments. |
A.To protect the environment by planting trees. |
B.To test the adaptability of giant sequoia trees. |
C.To save different kinds of endangered trees. |
D.To prove the value of giant sequoias to his kids. |
A.It disturbs the whole ecosystem of California. |
B.It indirectly turns giant sequoias into refugees. |
C.It helps promote the survival of giant sequoias. |
D.It assists California in recovering from drought. |
Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.
Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly? On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.
To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.
However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.
Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world.
【小题1】MEP was started to ________.A.raise more elephants in Mali | B.stop the main lake from drying up |
C.discover water source for elephants | D.protect the elephants’ living environment |
A.公平的 | B.亏损的 | C.非法的 | D.合理的 |
A.in 2012 | B.in 2015 | C.in 2016 | D.in 2020 |
A.the number of organizations has dropped | B.there is much less elephant poaching now |
C.the local people keep the elephants at home | D.the whole world live peacefully with elephants |
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