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However seemingly boring, the choices we make in social activities almost always depend on those with whom we’re dealing. If we’re out of work, for example, and meet someone for the first time, we would tend to act differently if we believe he or she is a potential (潜在的) boss. We’d probably be more attentive, keep longer eye contact, choose our words a little more carefully, speak with increased confidence, and so on. With good friends, or perhaps those who don’t have high respect, our conduct would almost certainly be less respectful. Who the receiver is and, or rather, the status (地位) level that we attach to him or her, affects how we express ourselves.

Our feelings about the use of laughter and humor will also depend on those with whom we’re relating. Their status will help direct the course of activities. We feel more comfortable expressing laughter in the presence of close friends than near a scientist or a leader.

Not only will we adjust our direction of conversation based on others’ status, but also on their emotional state or mood at the time of the exchange. If friends are celebrating their job promotion, we’re going to be more comfortable laughing with them than under more typical conditions. If they’re dealing with a job loss, we’ll probably avoid drawing attention to their job.

As social animals, we’re born with an ability to “read” the status and the emotional state of others. This is true even when dealing with strangers. Most of the time their clues are nonverbal (非语言的), many being realized subconsciously (下意识地). For example, expensive clothing or watches might show their financial status; something about their facial expressions or willingness to make eye contact can suggest their mood.

This will lead us to the next, and maybe most important question: What is the nature of the relationship between the sender and the receiver or receivers? The answer directly affects our ability to understand who someone is and how they are. This will be the topic I deal with beginning with my next chapter.

【小题1】What does the example in Paragraph 1 suggest?
A.Shared respect is the basis of friendships.B.The choices we make are of great importance.
C.Social activities are affected by status.D.Communication is easier between equal partners.
【小题2】With whom do we feel most comfortable laughing?
A.A potential boss.B.A newly married friend.
C.A recently-promoted leader.D.A prize-winning scientist.
【小题3】How can we read strangers’ emotional state?
A.By observing how they dress.B.By asking about their wish to talk.
C.By focusing on their conversational clues.D.By understanding their body language.
【小题4】Where is the text most probably taken from?
A.An official report.B.A philosophy magazine.
C.A textbook.D.A social science book.
23-24高一下·湖北襄阳·期中
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The Canadian town of Churchill is well-known for its arctic (北极的) wilderness. This town of extremes is home to about 900 year-round residents. However, 500, 000 tourists, more or less, flood here throughout the year.

In this setting, there’s a special find in a simple shipping container just outside the town. It’s a new project called Rocket Greens, led by the Churchill Northern Studies Centre(CNSC). Rocket Greens has successfully demonstrated the possibility of planting fresh, leafy produce regardless of seasons or weather conditions.

Erin Greene, a Churchill resident since 2015, became one of the first subscribers to Rocket Greens’s CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) program. “When I first moved here, it was very hard to get good-quality fruits and vegetables. We would never get fresh herbs and never see things like Swiss chard or kale,” recalls Greene, who says she now maintains a healthier diet and has become more self-sufficient as a result of the program.

In addition to Rocket Greens, CNSC has set up a seeding project for community garden support. This involves planting seedlings during the late fall and early spring that have been distributed to local community members free of charge in summer. Due to the short growing season and the challenging agricultural conditions, this seeding project offers a head start. “Community members can receive plants at no charge. It’s an educational tool to learn how to seed a field properly and how to grow your own food in your own home,” explains Dylan McCart, director of CNSC. This year’s seeding program will include a variety of crops such as peas, corn and peppers to make up for the traditional vegetables that are typically planted during Churchill summers.

“Considering the challenges of operating in a remote location like Churchill, we were one of the first ones to be able to do it, so it’s great that we were able to have that vision at that time. And it’s still successful today,” McCart says.

【小题1】Why are so many people attracted to Churchill?
A.They want to live in the wilds.B.They like to enjoy the unique scenery.
C.They can taste fresh produce from the locals.D.They wish to become members of Rocket Greens.
【小题2】What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Erin Greene?
A.To advertise the lifestyles of locals.B.To show the diversity of local food.
C.To prove the difficulty of living there.D.To illustrate the effects of the program.
【小题3】Which can best describe the seeding project?
A.It adds fuel to the fire.B.It teaches a man to fish.
C.It pulls a rabbit out of the hat.D.It kills the goose that lays the golden egg.
【小题4】How does McCart feel about the seeding project?
A.Curious.B.Relieved.C.Astonished.D.Proud.

The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans.

When you’ve ever had to communicate an important, but complex, issue to a general audience, you may have a sea of the most reliable data, the most elegant PowerPoint slides and the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field. And yet, you can still be less persuasive than someone whose entire argument is: “A guy I met down the pub told me something different.”

In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in.

The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing tine we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day.

The most determined sceptics (无神论者) will often say, “Facts don’t care about your feelings,” which is correct. But feelings don’t necessarily care about facts either. And ultimately, feelings have more of a say in what we think and do. And that’s why your mate down the pub can seem more believable than a pile of published research.

【小题1】What contributes to the spread of “fake news”?
A.People factor.B.Human culture.
C.Modern invention.D.Information accuracy.
【小题2】Why did the general audiences think actual data less persuasive?
A.They prefer making sensible analyses.B.They ae more likely to be emotional.
C.They have more trust in authority.D.They overestimate themselves.
【小题3】How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4?
A.By listing figures.B.By giving examples.
C.By explaining a concept.D.By citing experts’ words.
【小题4】What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A.To reveal secrets.B.To share emotions.
C.To criticize a decision.D.To describe a phenomenon.

True, people remember what you wear. After a social event, we all remember the woman in red, or the man with the top hat. On the red carpet, Hollywood hopefuls take advantage of this reality by wearing outfits designed to be discussed and displayed on the front pages of newspapers. But in terms of making a good impression, being memorable is not just about novelty or fashion, but attraction, both physical and emotional, often in opposite order of importance.

In a 2020 study, Andre Ndobo found people tended to remember the extremes: both attractive and unattractive faces. He acknowledged that one suggested explanation was that both are characterized by distinctive features that promote facial recognition when compared with faces of average attractiveness. But while distinctiveness is memorable, beauty is skin deep. Accordingly, the way you are remembered by others is often not about what you wear and how you look but about the way you make people feel.

Professional interaction can create positive personal memories. Adrie A. Koehler, in a piece entitled “In the Eye of the Beholder” (2017), found that when asked to recall their best learning experience, many students discussed a memorable teacher. What made the teachers memorable? According to the students, memorable qualities included not only teaching styles, but also interpersonal skills and positive qualities such as a sense of humor.

We can relate to the results of this study when recalling people who are memorable in our own lives. They are not always people who we believed to be the smartest or most believed, but often those who made us feel the most comfortable, and who were most interested in us. Sincere interest is uniquely attractive. Not only will you remember what someone said, but they will also remember you, fondly.

Regardless of what we wear or how we look, we are always naturally more appealing and approachable when we focus on others and when we are genuine rather than simply sociable. Remember that, and others will remember you.

【小题1】The Hollywood hopefuls are mentioned to show ________.
A.the competition on the red carpetB.people’s attempt to be remembered
C.people’s wrong belief about impressionD.the importance of clothing in one’s success
【小题2】Why is an unattractive face remembered according to Andre Ndobo?
A.It creates positive memories.B.There’s something special with it.
C.It makes people feel uncomfortable.D.People often try hard to avoid seeing it.
【小题3】What can we infer from the text?
A.Smart people are especially attractive.
B.Teaching styles impress students most.
C.The best learning experience is hard to gain.
D.Sincere attention is useful in communication.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.You Are What You WearB.Mind the Impression You Make
C.How Can We Improve Our Self-image?D.What do People Remember about You?

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