Recently, a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from naming their baby son 4Real. Even ____ New Zealand has quite free rules about____children, names beginning with a____are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman____.

In many countries around the world, ____names for children are becoming more popular. In Britain, you can call a child almost____you like. The only restrictions on parents____to offensive(冒犯的) words such as swear words.

____parents choose names which come from____culture. For example, there have been six boys named Gandalf____the character in the Lord of the Rings(指环王) novels and films. ____, names related to sport are fairly common –____1984, 36 children have been called Arsenal(阿森纳) after the football team. Other parents like to____names, or combine names to make their own____names, a method demonstrated (证实的) by Jordan, the British model, ____recently invented the name Tiaamii for her daughter by____names Thea and Amy (the two grandmothers).

Some names which were previously____as old-fashioned have____popular again, but the most popular names are not the strange____. The top names are fairly____, for example, Jack, Charlie and Thomas for boys and Grace, Ruby and Jessica for girls.

According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann _______ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.

A new study in the journal Social Science Research, publishing in October, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational _______, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them. In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were _______ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.

The research shows that the number of books for each household _______ greatly from country to country. _______, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But “the total _______ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere” , according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study.

The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n) _______ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.

The Guardian newspaper commented that “bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.”

“Reading books in a young age can _______ shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy; its impacts are _______ to additional years of education.” Sikora told Science Alert.

Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success.

“Early ________ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that ________ lifelong cognitive (认知的)abilities”, Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are ________ to future development.

Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could ________ the importance of printed books. For now, ________, “they still seem to ________ quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing”, researchers wrote in the paper.

What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television programme? Adults seldom _________ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four _________ retain (记住) any specific, personal experiences.

A variety of explanations have been _________ by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia” (儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature _________ about the age of two. But the most popular theory maintains that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot _________ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or _________ - one event follows another as in a novel or film. _________ when they search through their mental _________ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the _________. It’s like trying to find a Chinese work in an English dictionary.

Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new ____________ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren’t any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use ____________ spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term ____________of them into long-term memories. In other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about ____________ - Mother talking about the afternoon ____________ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this ____________ reinforcement (强化), says Dr. Simms, children cannot form permanent memories of their personal experiences.