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Generations of parents have told their children to practice their musical instruments. They have good reason for it: learning an instrument is not only associated with better educational attainment but also cognition (认知) and even intelligence scores in children. But does this musicality translate to better cognition (thinking) later in life?

A recent study showed that musical people had better memory and executive (决策的) function than those with less or no musicality. This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities, such as playing an instrument, should result in continued brain health benefits.

Singing is a very popular musical activity as it allows joining musical groups, such as choirs. But does singing provide the same cognitive benefit as playing an instrument? According to the study, singing can result in better executive function but not memory, suggesting that playing an instrument has additional brain health benefits. However, when singing is done in choirs, there is good evidence that being engaged in social activity is good for our brain health.

Many people might remember the famous “Mozart Effect”, which was based on a 1993 study showing that when students were played Mozart, they scored higher on intelligence tests. Sadly, the current study found having played the recorder for three years at primary school might not have that big an impact on our cognitive performance. So, passively listening to music doesn’t seem to provide any cognitive benefits.

Playing an instrument or singing seems to have benefits to our brain health in aging, according to the study. What is yet to be established is whether this would also help prevent future cognitive decline or dementia. Still, considering the overall cognitive and social benefits of learning an instrument or singing in a choir, it might be worth engaging in such cognitive stimulation as we age. Our parents would be proud of us.

【小题1】Why do parents intend their kids to play an instrument?
A.They suppose it can broaden the kids’ horizons.
B.They design the kids to be musicians in the future.
C.They expect to equip the kids with critical thinking.
D.They think it can improve the kids’ study and thinking.
【小题2】Where could singing differ from playing an instrument?
A.It has better memories.B.It has social benefits.
C.It requires more energy.D.It shapes brain development.
【小题3】What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Mozart Effect?
A.To show cognition relies on active engagement.
B.To display the real role that music plays in study.
C.To list similarities between music and study.
D.To demonstrate how to play a recorder properly.
【小题4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Why Do People Prefer Singing?B.What Musicals Can Do for You
C.How Music Boosts Your BrainD.Where Shall We Find Musicality?
2024·安徽阜阳·模拟预测
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Dancing is a kind of physical activity. Kids who take dance lessons often could see a great improvement in their physical health. The following are some great dance schools for kids in New York City.

American Tap Dance Center

Here kids will learn basic steps and how to join them together properly to produce their own dances. Every year a competition is held here for kids to show their works. In addition, kids also explore the history of dance steps and watch videos of Tap’s greatest performers. Once they have the basic skills down, kids can move on to more difficult classes like Hoofers and Hitters and Shim Sham Crew. Kids aged three and a half years old and above are welcome.

Ballet Hispanico

Kids will learn the art of flamenco, a Spanish dance that is danced to a special type of guitar music.The Spanish dance program offers classes in ballet, jazz, hip­hop and tap and some others that will have little ones moving to the music. The Los Pasitos:Early Childhood Program is a great introduction to movements for the tiniest dancers aged 2 to 5. Older ones aged 6 to 18 can sign up for Encuentros: Open Class Program, which will cover different dance traditions.

Ballet Academy East

All young swan princesses start in the Young Dancer Division, which has several programs, including Petit Dancers classes for toddlers (学步儿童) and pre­ballet and tap for students aged 3 to 6.Some go on to the intensive (强化的) program(ages 7 to 19), where they’ll study how to dance with a partner well. Kids aged 18 months and above are welcome.

The Ailey School

The Ailey School has been training world­class dancers since Alvin Ailey first opened his school in Brooklyn, NY in 1969.This school has beginning classes including First Steps for kids aged 3 to 6 and Bounding Boys for boys aged 4 to 6. Fun exercises help little ones learn basic skills. If kids aged 7 and above wish to continue their dance studies for more difficult classes, they can go for an interview, performing a short dance in front of some teachers.

【小题1】What does American Tap Dance Center encourage kids to do?
A.Make use of their creativity.
B.Organize some kinds of dance competitions.
C.Share short videos of their performances.
D.Perform in front of some famous dancers.
【小题2】What can we know about Ballet Hispanico?
A.Kids can learn to play the guitar for free.
B.The Open Class Program is the most popular one.
C.Different dance classes are offered to meet kids’ needs.
D.Kids have chances to join some competitions in Spain.
【小题3】How is The Ailey School different from the others according to the text?
A.It mainly teaches boys under six years old.
B.It focuses on basic skills in modern dances.
C.Kids can tour the country with some world­famous dancers.
D.Kids need to show their dance skills before taking higher­level classes.

Theatres and Entertainment

St David’s Hall

St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment including pop rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.

The Hayes, Cardiff CF101AH

www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk

The Glee Club

Every weekend this is “Wales”premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.

Mermaid Quay,Cardiff Bay,Cardiff CF105BZ

www.glee.co.uk/cardiff

Sherman Cymru

Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things. Sherman Cymnu is excied to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.

Senghennydd Road,Cardiff CF244YE

www.shermancymru.co.uk

New Theatre

The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals,dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardif’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.

Park Place,Cardiff CF103LN

www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk

【小题1】What do St David’s Hall and The Glee Club have in common?
A.Both of them have won awards.
B.Both of them have a large capacity.
C.They are equally famous for comedies.
D.They both provide live music for audience.
【小题2】What can people do at Sherman Cymru’s theatre?
A.Watch musicals.
B.Do innovative things.
C.Enjoy live entertainment.
D.Make theatre with celebrities.
【小题3】Which website can you visit to enjoy amazing drama?
A.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
B.www.shermancymru.co.uk
C.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk

Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 【小题1】. The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.

Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. 【小题2】.

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 【小题3】. While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.

When it comes to heart health, there is speculation (推测) that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo (节奏) that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 【小题4】. On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.

【小题5】, which is what makes music so valuable.

A.This, of course, can lead to less pain
B.This feeling can also result in many other health problems
C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing
D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep
E.The possible effects of music on overall well-being are really impressive
F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety
G.Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were

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