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After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will be replaced by AI. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMs). In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMs”.

Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs.

Few of the doom-mongers (末日论者) have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and the Republic of Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment.

Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers.

White-collar roles are thought to be especially sensitive to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity. However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. And in the past year the white-collar share of employment in professions thought to be at risk from generative AI has risen by 0.5%.

Of course, it’s still early days for generative AI. Few firms yet use generative Al tools at large scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.

Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While Al may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need.

AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring.

A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on the number of their staff over the next two years, it finds.

To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a job apocalypse seems a long way off.

【小题1】In terms of artificial intelligence, people worry about ______.
A.how to avoid being replaced by machines
B.how to keep up with the trend of technology
C.how to master new technological skills
D.how to earn higher wages by using technology
【小题2】Economists’ predictions about automation show that ______.
A.machines prove to deal a blow to employment
B.technological breakthroughs bring an economic boom
C.economic theories don’t work well in practice
D.it is difficult to clarify the impact of machines on jobs
【小题3】According to the text, since the spring of 2020, white-collar jobs ______.
A.have become more diverseB.have decreased in number
C.have been threatened by service jobsD.have not suffered noticeable losses
【小题4】How may artificial intelligence influence employment?
A.It may cause mass unemployment.B.It may create new jobs for people.
C.It may enable employers to hire more.D.It may decrease people’s salaries.
【小题5】What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Boy Cries Wolf: Generative Al is not yet killing jobs
B.Batten Down the Hatches: Generative AI will replace most of human jobs
C.Generative AI: The greatest threat to white-collar workers.
D.Generative AI: The greatest invention of the 20th century
2024·天津·二模
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Our lifestyles today are very busy. We have family, school, sports, entertainment and social activities to fit into a time that seems never enough. We need to be healthy to meet the demands of daily life. But what does it mean to have a healthy lifestyle?

To have a healthy lifestyle, we need to:

◆eat different kinds of healthy food most of the time

◆do exercise often

◆have time to relax

◆get enough sleep to give our bodies time to grow healthy and strong

Read about a normal day in the lives of two children.

Abbey gets up at 7:00 a.m., feeds the dog, and has cereal(谷类食物)and a glass of juice for breakfast. She walks to school with her friend, Julia. She has a bag of chips for a morning snack, drinks water, and has a chicken and lecture sandwich with a banana for lunch. She likes to play soccer with her friends at lunch and morning break time. She walks home with Julia, and plays with a dog for a while. She plays computer games for an hour or two before dinner, then has a shower and does her homework. She watches her favorite television show for an hour, and then usually goes to bed at about 9:30 p.m.

Carl gets up at 8:30 a.m. and has two pieces of bread with jam and a glass of milk for breakfast. His mother drives him to school on her way to work. He eats cookies with juice for a morning snack and a pot pie ordered from the school lunch room with juice for lunch. He likes to play card games with his friends at lunchtime and climb the fixed equipment at morning break time. He catches the bus home, has a cereal bar and a can of soda for an afternoon snack, and then watches television. He has a shower before dinner, and then plays on the computer for an hour or two. He goes to bed at about 10:30 p.m.

No matter which kind of lifestyle you agree on, just remember it’s important to balance all aspects of life.

【小题1】About a healthy lifestyle, the writer doesn’t talk about ______.
A.dietB.exerciseC.medicineD.relaxation
【小题2】Which can be the best title of this passage?
A.Abbey’s daily life at school.
B.How to have a healthy lifestyle.
C.People with different lifestyle.
D.Grow healthy and strong.
【小题3】Where is the passage probably from?
A.A travel advertisement.B.A clothing website.
C.A sports guidebook.D.A health magazine.

Those pretty little brown spots (斑点) on the skin might be common, but freckles (雀斑) remain a bit of a mystery to many — including those who have them. We interviewed three top skin doctors to explain the mysterious spots.

“They get darker in the summertime, when the skin is in strong sunlight, and fade, or lose color, in the wintertime,” says Dr. Joshua Zeichner at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City. “The sun’s ultraviolet rays help some skin cells to produce more melanin (黑色素) in the skin.”

Contrary to popular belief, nobody is born with freckles, which generally don’t pop up until adolescence. That is, some young people start to have freckles when they are developing into adults.

“But freckles often ‘run in the family,’ especially in families that have fair (白皙的) skin,” says Jessica Wu, MD, a Los Angeles-based doctor. “People with fair skin and red or blond hair may have the same skin cells as their parents. Such skin cells are more sensitive to ultraviolet rays, so they produce more melanin in those spots.”

The spots themselves are nothing to fear, but those who have freckles are often fair-skinned as well, which in turn makes them more likely to get skin cancer, warns Dr. Howard Murad, who is known as “the Father of Internal Skincare.”

Freckles can be lightened with proper treatment, and new freckles often fade on their own. As with many things in life, prevention is key. “Wear sunscreen (防晒霜) every day as part of your lifestyle, like brushing your teeth, ” says Zeichner. Wu agrees, “I do warn my patients with freckles to understand the necessity of wearing sunscreen.”

Safe sun practice is important for everyone, but having freckles means you need to be extra careful. “You are likely to get more of them — in addition to risk of skin cancer — if you don’t use sun protection,” warns Wu.

【小题1】What do we know about freckles?
A.They can be cleared easily.
B.They usually appear in summer.
C.They disappear completely in winter.
D.They have something to do with the sun.
【小题2】The underlined words “pop up ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean         .
A.remainB.appear
C.changeD.return
【小题3】If a fair-skinned patient has freckles,         .
A.skin cells in his family have weaknesses
B.he is more likely to develop skin cancer
C.there will be little melanin in his skin
D.he is probably born with them
【小题4】What is the purpose of the text?
A.To provide some knowledge of freckles.
B.To explain the reasons for skin cancer.
C.To show how dangerous freckles are.
D.To introduce three top skin doctors.

When you picture a farm, do you think of green fields and a big red barn? The farms of the future may look very different from that. That’s because farms do not have to be outside anymore. They also won’t have to be above ground. In London, 100 feet below the streets there was a huge empty abandoned space. It was unused for almost 70 years before it was turned into the world’s first underground farm.

Richard Ballard and Steven Dring, founders of the company Growing Underground, thought it would be an ideal spot to build a hydroponic (水栽的) farm. After all, these types of farms are doing well in other indoor spaces.

Founded in 2015, Growing Underground’s farm grows microgreens and salad leaves using hydroponic technology that grows plants in water but not soil. In fact, the company said that its hydroponic technology allows for the perfect pest-free (无害虫的) growing environment.

These methods save 70 percent less water than traditional field agriculture and all the nutrients are kept within a closed circle system. They can grow the greens all year round because they are not affected by weather or growing seasons.

But it is the LED lighting system that is the key to growing food underground. Ballard said, “Already, LEDs allow the growers to change the flavor of the greens, as their sugars and starches develop differently under different light spectrums (光谱).”

Right now, the company only sells greens with a lot of leaves because they are the only crops that grow fast enough to be economically (经济地) feasible but Ballard believes that will change. “As technologies improve, you’ll see soft fruits, cucumbers, peppers,” he said.

The company’s goal is to keep food local. They say that all of the greens can be in your kitchen within four hours of being picked. They currently sell to local restaurants and people who live in London, but they hope to be entering the local retail markets soon.

【小题1】What makes the underground farm possible?
A.The perfect environment.B.The great demand for fruits.
C.The hydroponic technology.D.The good weather condition.
【小题2】What is the function of the LED lighting system?
A.To get rid of pests.B.To make use of solar energy.
C.To allow greens to grow rapidly.D.To provide various light spectrums.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A.Difficult.B.Common.C.Impossible.D.Achievable.
【小题4】What does the company expect of the underground farm?
A.It’ll benefit more customers.B.It’ll be environment-friendly.
C.It’ll keep food fresher for longer.D.It’ll introduce more advanced technologies.

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