Today, the most popular martial arts in the world are from Asia. Many martial arts 【小题1】 (invent) because people needed to defend themselves or protect others. Nowadays, people learn martial arts as a way of 【小题2】 (keep) fit or as a competitive sport, but they are still very useful for self­defence.

Some martial arts are called hard 【小题3】 others are called soft. Soft martial arts, such as tai chi, teach you to use your opponent’s own force to defend 【小题4】 (you). These martial arts are soft for the defender but not for the attacker! On the other hand, hard styles, such as kung fu, teach you to defend yourself using force. Hard martial arts techniques are 【小题5】 (effect) if you are more skillful, more powerful and faster than your opponent.

Did you know that Japan’s karate is 【小题6】 (relate) to Chinese kung fu? In the 14^th century, when the Chinese migrants from Fujian 【小题7】 (settle) in what was then the kingdom of Okinawa, the local youths started learning kung fu from them.

In fact, Chinese influence in martial arts was not limited 【小题8】 kung fu. During the Japanese invasion of Korea in the 16^th century, the Korean army adopted a training method from a chinese military manual 【小题9】 (call) Ji Xiao Xin Shu, whose author was the Chinese general Qi Jiguang, 【小题10】 had himself defeated Japanese pirates.

A welcome ceremony for the Olympic flame for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games 【小题1】(hold) at the Beijing Olympic Tower near the National Stadium, also is known 【小题2】 the Bird's Nest, in the Chinese capital on Wednesday.

A cauldron(大锅) was lit up at the ceremony by Cai Qi, secretary of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee and president of the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee (BOCOG). The flame 【小题3】(land) in Beijing on Wednesday morning after 【小题4】(collect) from Athens, Greece.

According to the BOCOG, the Olympic flame will be 【小题5】(origin) displayed at the Olympic Tower in Beijing, and will then tour China, aiming 【小题6】(spread)the Olympic spirit and engage more people to join in ice and snow sports. Around 1,200 torchbearers will participate【小题7】 the relay from February 2 to 4 next year in the three competition zones of Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou. The online torch relay will feature virtual reality, WeChat mini programs and other promotional 【小题8】(program) to attract more people to join in.

The logo for the Olympic torch relay（转发） for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games as well as designs for the security lantern and cauldron for the Olympic flame and the torchbearers’ uniforms were made public on Wednesday. 【小题9】(fill) with dynamism and vitality, the designs reflect the Beijing 2022 torch, 【小题10】 bears the name 'Flying' and reflects a fluttering ribbon as its main body where the Olympic flame sits.

Martial Arts had its origins in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the following Qin and Han Dynasties, wrestling, swordplay and spear skills became well developed and were popular among civilians and troops. In the Song Dynasty, various schools, boxing styles, movement sets【小题1】weapon skills flourished. We recognize Martial Arts【小题2】Gong Fu or Wushu today, which has many followers worldwide.

Martial Arts is a series of fighting styles【小题3】has developed over a long historical period in China. Nowadays, it 【小题4】（regard） as a traditional sport gaining more and more【小题5】（popular） and even stands as a representative for Chinese culture. Styles including Shaolin, Tai Chi and Qigong have many followers worldwide. Some westerners think that all Chinese people are Gong Fu masters. That's not true, but this traditional heritage （遗产）has【小题6】（it） unique existence in modern times and left much influence on the locals' lifestyle.

Although being fighting styles, Gong Fu【小题7】（advocate） virtue and peace, not aggression or violence. This has been the common value【小题8】（encourage） by martial artists from generation to generation. With a number of movement sets, boxing styles, weapon skills and some fighting touches , Gong Fu keeps the【小题9】（origin） function of self-defense. Now the value in body-building and fitness is also 【小题10】（high） appreciated.