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Back in 1930, economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that with technological change and improvements in productivity, we’d be working only 15 hours a week in the near future. But while working hours have declined by 26%, most of us still work 42.5 hours a week on average, according to Eurostat figures.

One of the things Keynes underestimated is our desire to compete with our peers — a drive that makes us work more than we need to. “We don’t measure productivity by how many acres we’ve harvested, so the amount of working time becomes an indicator.” says Alex Soojung-Kim Pang.

Due to computerization and globalization in the 1980s, managers could demand more of employees under the threat that jobs could be given to someone else, so the pressure increased. And we took it, overwhelmed with the pressure while shouldering the burden all the same at the cost of our health. Psychologist Barbara Killinger writes such a phenomenon in Workaholics: The Respectable Addicts.

But far from delivering productivity, value, or personal fulfillment, overwork has been proven to lead to burnout, stress, poor health, etc. Nevertheless, we persisted — until the fourth Industrial Revolution came along.

The fourth Industrial Revolution has accelerated the move towards automation and AI, especially for jobs with high physical proximity (接近). Economist Dr. Carl Frey predicts that at least 40% of current jobs will be lost to automation by 2050.

There are exceptions. Jobs that involve complex social interactions are beyond current robot skills, such as teaching, cleaning jobs, and jobs that rely on creativity, according to Frey and Osborne.

According to McKinsey, those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning and creative fields will still work in the future, just differently. In about 60% of occupations, it’s estimated that a third of the tasks can be automated, meaning substantial changes to the way we work. A large-scale study carried out by accountancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers predicted that over the next 20 years, although 7 million jobs will be lost to AI, 7.2 million new ones will be created as a result. So we will work in the future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet.

【小题1】What do the figures in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate?
A.Our working time failed to decrease as much as predicted.
B.Technology keeps changing with the development of society.
C.Keynes’ prediction mainly focused on productivity improvement.
D.Overwork will result in fierce competition between employees.
【小题2】What might lead to the disagreement between the reality and Keynes estimation?
A.People’s false sense of time.
B.People’s awareness of peer competition.
C.People’s ignoring the quality of their jobs.
D.People’s pressure to increase productivity.
【小题3】How did most employees respond to the managers’ pressure in the 1980s?
A.They argued for fairness.
B.They devoted more to their work.
C.They tried to escape shouldering the burden.
D.They emphasized the importance of their health.
【小题4】Which of the following situations will appear under the influence of automation and AI?
A.Counseling service will be paid less attention to.
B.More and more cleaners become unemployed in cities.
C.A majority of teachers will be replaced by robots.
D.The types of jobs with high physical proximity will be transformed.
【小题5】What is McKinsey’s attitude towards automation and AI?
A.Worried.B.Hopeful.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.
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Several years ago, most young Britons wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or , if they were creative enough, to take up singing. But today, things stand differently.

According to a survey by Tesco Mobile, a UK telecoms company, the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger”. The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that as much as 40 percent of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers. The single factor contributing to this change is undoubtedly the internet and social media. They have made it so much easier to reach a global audience, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way.

“In years that have gone by, the biggest stars were recommended and trained by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera can become an idol,” a Tesco Mobile spokesperson said in a news release. “From fashion to comedy, these self-made stars document their hobbies to an adoring fan-base. Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting with their fans about everyday life.”

However, what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact that only those who are successful gain fame and fortune. For every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that are destined to remain dreams.This is why despite the popularity of vloggers, some young people chose to follow careers that don’t necessarily earn them fame, but allow them to make good use of the internet to share their hobbies.

Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club. It’s an online platform for runners to keep a record of their races. He told the career website Zippia that his job allows him to express his passion, and is always a learning experience. And that’s enough for him.

【小题1】Why do so many young Britons choose to be vloggers?
A.Because being vloggers is an ideal career.
B.Because vloggers can become idols easily.
C.Because being vloggers is popular nowadays.
D.Because vloggers are bound to be rich and famous
【小题2】What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Most vloggers can achieve their dreams
B.One should realize the dreams one by one.
C.Vloggers who are successful can gain fame and fortune
D.Not all the vloggers have accomplished the dreams
【小题3】The example of Israeli David Leshaw in the last paragraph serves to             .
A.call on young people not to be vloggersB.explain the popularity of vloggers
C.help readers take a correct attitudeD.state the advantages of his career
【小题4】What is the author’s attitude toward being vloggers?
A.ObjectiveB.Critical
C.PositiveD.Negative

Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing,our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.

A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.

Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees ,because those people represent the companies to their customers.

As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.

There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.

【小题1】Which of the following is the newspaper editor’ opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A.People’s appearances carry messages about themselves.
B.Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies.
C.Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D.Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
【小题2】What can be inferred from the text?
A.Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B.What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C.Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D.Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
【小题3】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Employees MatterB.Personal Choices Matter
C.Appearances MatterD.Hiring Managers Matter

A person seeking a new career opportunity might consider looking in a museum. Museums provide jobs in fields such as research, management, graphic arts, public relations, education, preserving, cataloging, fund-raising, and construction. A museum may have one employee or thousands.

Many museum workers do not work directly with the objects in the museum; for example, the staff of a finance department prepares budgets and financial reports. Accountant and bookkeeper are typical positions. Staffers in the development department, meanwhile, work to increase museum membership and donations and to plan fund-raisers, such as dances or auctions. Publications department personnel may write newsletters, brochures, or books.

Some museums have an education department responsible for planning talks, teaching workshops, directing tours, or training tour guides.

People who prefer to work directly with a museum's collection have many career options. A person who pays attention to detail may enjoy being a registrar, the person who keeps track of the objects in a museum. Registrars keep records of objects, noting what they are, when and how they were obtained, and whether they are on loan to another museum or on display.

Curators are the people responsible for a museum's collection. One of their duties is to choose items for exhibits; then they work closely with designers who plan the best way to arrange exhibits. Other specialists do things such as arrange lighting or build display cases. Expert craftspeople can also find jobs re-creating historic buildings, such as the Pilgrim village at Plimoth Plantation.

A museum also often employs conservators to repair and take care of its collection. Many conservators are specialists who care for one kind of item, such as books or paintings. The Henry Ford Museum employs many conservators, including some who are experts in caring for antique cars.

Some historic homes, such as George Washington's home in Mount Vernon, have gardens, farms, and woods, as well as buildings. Gardeners are employed to care for the grounds and livestock handlers to care for farm animals.

Museums offer many other career opportunities too. They may have gift shops where sales assistants sell books, postcards, and other items or. restaurants where meals are prepared and served. Depending on one's interests, a museum could be a great place to look for a job.

【小题1】A museum's education department might _____.
A.plan fund-raisersB.prepare financial reports
C.write brochuresD.conduct workshops
【小题2】Like curators, conservators______.
A.work directly with museum collections
B.choose museum collections
C.prepare financial reports
D.choose items for exhibits
【小题3】It can be inferred from the passage that a publications department in a museum employs______.
A.teachersB.writersC.craftspeopleD.bookkeepers
【小题4】Which of the following sentences best describes the main idea of the passage?
A.Curators work closely with designers in the arrangement of museum exhibits.
B.There are many kinds of museums in such fields as history, art, and science.
C.Museums, although they vary in purpose and size, offer a wide range of career opportunities.
D.Museums serve as an ideal workplace for those only interested in museum collections.

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