A 420-meter white steel tube running alongside a railway line in the northern Netherlands could be the start of a new kind of transportation for people and goods. The tube from Hyperloop Center is the heart of the new transport technology that opened recently in Veendam. Developers from Hyperloop Center will be testing the changing technology there over the coming years.
Hyperloop technology was once supported by business leader Elon Musk. Its supporters say it is far faster than short flights, high-speed rail, and trucks. When Musk first presented the idea, he said it could transport people the nearly 645 kilometers between Los Angeles and San Francisco in 30 minutes. But since then, progress has been slow to get from an idea to the real world.
Sascha Lamme is the center’s director. He expects to have the first Hyperloop route by 2030. He said, “There are already preparations being done for such routes in for example Italy or India.”
Robert Noland is a professor at the Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University in New Jersey. He told The Associated Press that policy makers go after big ideas of the future but they should invest in simpler transportation structures. He added, “It costs too much to build.” But Lamme noted that they have not added all of the ways they can reduce costs over the next ten years.
The test center’s tube is made up of 34 separate sections mostly 2 and a half meters wide. A piece of equipment next to the tube removes air in the tube to reduce the pressure inside the tube. That reduces air resistance and permits capsules to travel at such high speeds. A capsule built by Dutch hyperloop company Hardt Hyperloop will be tested next month. It receives financial support from private investments, local and national governments, and the European Commission.
While testing continues in Veendam, hyperloop developers hope that routes for their technology will be coming. Lamme stated that getting government authorization (授权) for building routes is their main hardship they encountered. And he said finding new financial support to test and show the technology is what is needed to make this happen.
【小题1】What does Hyperloop Center aim to do?A.Build a 420-meter white steel tube. | B.Develop a new transport technology. |
C.Ask for donations from the local company. | D.Meet the challenges of the new technology. |
A.It’s more eco-friendly. | B.It’s cheaper. |
C.It’s more efficient. | D.It’s much safer. |
A.Unclear. | B.Indifferent. | C.Approving. | D.Doubtful. |
A.Finding some new financial supports. | B.Gaining the government’s approval. |
C.Travelling at a very high speed. | D.Running along a railway line. |
The bicycling craze came in when we were just about at the right age to enjoy it. At first even “safety” bicycles were too dangerous and improper for ladies to ride, and they had to have tricycles. My mother had (I believe) the first female tricycle in Cambridge; and I had a little one, and we used to go out for family rides all together; my father in front on a bicycle, and my poor brother Charles standing miserable on the bar behind my mother. I found it very hard work, pounding (轰隆隆行进) away on my hard tyres; a glorious, but not a pleasurable pastime.
Then, one day at lunch, my father said he had just seen a new kind of tyre, filled up with air, and he thought it might be a success. And soon after that everyone had bicycles, ladies and all; and bicycling became the smart thing, and the lords and ladies had their pictures in the papers, riding along in the park, in straw boater hats (硬草帽).
My mother must have fallen off her bicycle pretty often, for I remember seeing the most appalling cuts and bruises (青肿) on her legs. But she never complained, and always kept these mishaps (灾祸) to herself. However, the great Mrs Phillips, our cook, always knew all about them; as indeed she knew practically everything that ever happened.She used to draw us into the servants’ hall to tell us privately: “Her Ladyship had a nasty fall yesterday; she cut both her knees and sprained her wrist. But don’t let her know I told you.” So we never dared to say anything. Similar little accidents used to occur when, at the age of nearly seventy, she insisted on learning to drive a car. She never mastered the art of reversing (倒车), and was in every way an unconventional and terrifying driver. Mrs Phillips used to tell us: “Her Ladyship ran into the back of a milk-cart yesterday; but it wasn’t much hurt”; or “A policeman stopped her Ladyship because she was on the wrong side of the road; but she said she didn’t know what the white line on the road meant, so he explained and let her go on.” Mrs Phillips must have had an excellent Intelligence Service at her command, for the stories were always true enough.
【小题1】According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A.Bicycling demanded too much hard work for women. |
B.Bicycling was considered unsafe and unladylike then. |
C.Women preferred to ride tricycles because tricycles could carry young children as well. |
D.Tricycles were more convenient for women to ride. |
A.The writer’s father popularized it. |
B.Air-filled tyres began to be used. |
C.Noble people started enjoying it. |
D.Newspapers had pictures of cyclists. |
A.Mrs Phillips served as a spy as well as a cook. |
B.Mrs Phillips was in command of all the servants as an Intelligence Service. |
C.Mrs Phillips was the most knowledgeable cook they had ever met. |
D.Mrs Phillips had an outstanding ability to gather information. |
A.she failed to follow the road system |
B.she was too old as a driver then |
C.she could not control the car |
D.she behaved too proudly |
If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is more serious in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are susceptible (易受影响的)to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
【小题1】The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that ______.A.one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them |
B.the media invented the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago |
C.people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings |
D.Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months |
A.relieve | B.prevent | C.spread | D.cause |
A.Talking while driving. | B.Driving at high speed. |
C.Sounding the horn when passing. | D.Shouting at another driver. |
A.tell people how to deal with Road Rage |
B.inform people how aggressive drivers could be |
C.show people how to control themselves when angry |
D.warn people against eye contact with another driver |
To improve road safety and raise awareness among Russia’s notoriously (臭名昭著地) careless drivers, Russian police have tried to get drivers to slow down at zebra (斑马) crossings by having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest streets in some of the big cities.
The light grey horses, painted with black stripes (条纹), carried signs on their backs reading: “Careful, children are on their way to school.” The police sent the “zebras” to several different locations in the Russian capital, where officials in orange vests walked them over zebra crossings and handed out leaflets (传单) to passing drivers.
Some held up rainbow-coloured umbrellas over the painted animals to protect them from the rain. Russian roads are notoriously dangerous and drivers still rarely take steps to avoid pedestrians (行人). Nearly half of all traffic accidents in the country’s big cities are caused by cars hitting pedestrians, and a third of those occur on crossings, according to traffic police figures published last month.
In the first six months of this year, 378 people were killed and more than 6, 600 injured on pedestrian crossings in Russia, according to police. In Moscow alone, 43 people were killed, including two children.
Though police officials said that only safe paint would be used on the animals, animal rights activists still disagreed with the idea, accusing the police of “treating animals like garbage”.
“Children understand that paints are bad for animals,” the Interfax news agency quoted president of Vita animal rights group Irina Novozhilova as saying.
Let’s hope this part of the campaign is over and animals are left out of future attempts to raise pedestrians’ awareness.
【小题1】Why do Moscow police have “zebras” walk across on the busiest streets?A.To make a call on protecting animals. |
B.To raise drivers’ awareness of road safety. |
C.To tell people it is dangerous to cross streets. |
D.To remind people zebras are in danger of extinction. |
A.The zebras. | B.The policemen. | C.The horses. | D.The drivers. |
A.Russian drivers seldom give way to pedestrians. |
B.Russian drivers often ignore traffic lights. |
C.most Russian drivers have realized the seriousness of the problem. |
D.the driving skills of Russian drivers are bad. |
A.Drivers must slow down at pedestrian crossings. |
B.Road safety should be improved. |
C.The paints used on the horses are safe. |
D.These animals are ill-treated by the police. |
A.Critical. | B.Confident. | C.Doubtful. | D.Positive. |
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