Paris is one of the most important and influential cities in the world. In terms of tourism, Paris is the second most visited city in Europe after London. Everyone knows all about the iconic sights in Paris, such as the Eiffel Tower and Louvre Museum. But what about other facts that your average guide book doesn’t tell you?
•Every year the French celebrate the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris on July 14th 1789. Usually the jail held political prisoners but on the day the Bastille was stormed there were only 7 prisoners in the jail, none of political significance, and four of them had been jailed for check-forging(伪造支票).
• Paris is called the City of Lights. But it has nothing to do with the power used to illuminate the Eiffel Tower or the streetlights of the city. Lights in this case, means intellectuals, referring to the high-concentration of writers, artists and academics that have always been drawn to the city.
•Shakespeare And Company is the most famous English-language bookshop in Paris and it is named after the original store, owned by Sylvia Beach, which published James Joyce’s classic novel Ulysses in 1922. Now it has been a salon for writers and readers in Paris for more than seventy years.
• Paris is a city with a long, interesting but sadly a blood-stained history. Paris’ Latin motto is “Fluctuat nec mergitur” meaning “It is tossed by the waves, but does not sink.”
MoreinformationcanbegainedfromOnlinetravelguide@whatparis.com .
【小题1】What facts about Paris can we learn from the passage?A.Paris is the second most popular tourist city in the world. |
B.Prisoners in the Bastille were all of political significance. |
C.Paris is called the City of Lights because of the power of the road lights. |
D.Shakespeare And Company is a meeting place for writers and readers in Paris. |
A.Paris has a long and interesting history. | B.Paris will never sink into the ocean. |
C.Parisians are tough in face of challenges. | D.Parisians are drowned by huge waves. |
A.A news report. | B.A travel guide. |
C.An advertisement. | D.An announcement. |
We've all heard the saying: practice makes prefect! In other words, acquiring skills takes time and effort. But how exactly does one go about learning a complex subject such as tennis, calculus, or even how to play the violin? An age-old answer is: practice one skill at a time. A beginning pianist might rehearse scales(音阶) before chords(和弦). A young tennis player practices the forehand before the backhand. Learning researchers call this “blocking”, and because it is common and easy to schedule, blocking is dominant in schools, training programs, and other settings.
However another strategy promises improved results. Enter “interleaving”, a largely unheard-of technique that is catching the attention of cognitive(认知) psychologists and neuroscientists. Blocking involves practicing one skill at a time before the next (for example, “skill A” before “skill B” and so on, forming the pattern “AAABBBCCC”), while in interleaving one mixes practice on several related skills together (forming for example the pattern “ABCABCABC”).
Over the past four decades, a small but growing body of research has found that interleaving often outperforms blocking for a variety of subjects, including sports and category learning. Yet there have been almost no studies of the technique in unplanned, real world settings-until recently. New research in schools finds that interleaving produces dramatic and long-lasting benefits for an essential skill: math. Not only does this finding have the potential to transform how math is taught, it may also change how people learn more generally.
Researches are now working to understand why interleaving produces such impressive results. One important explanation is that it improves the brain's ability to tell apart between concepts. With blocking, once you know what solution to use, or movement to do, the hard part is over. With interleaving, each practice attempt is different from the last, so rote(死记硬背) responses don't work. Instead, your brain must continuously focus on searching for different solutions. That process can improve your ability to learn critical features of skills and concepts, which then better enables you to select and produce the correct response.
A second explanation is that interleaving strengthens memory associations. With blocking, a single strategy,temporarily held in short-term memory, is sufficient. That's not the case with interleaving-the correct solution changes from one practice attempt to the next. As a result, your brain is continually engaged at regaining different responses and bringing them into short-term memory. Repeating that process can strengthen neural connections between different tasks and correct responses, which improves learning.
Both of these accounts imply that increased effort during training, either to discriminate correct responses or to strengthen them, is needed when interleaving is used. This corresponds to a potential drawback of the technique, namely that the learning process often feels more gradual and difficult in the beginning. However, that added effort can have better, longer-lasting results.
【小题1】What can we learn from the new strategy of “interleaving”?A.Studying related skills together has many impressive results. |
B.Learning relevant skills together contributes to people mastering skills quickly. |
C.Focusing on different skills at a time saves people time and efforts in the beginning. |
D.Mixing up skills distracts people's attention, thus lessening efficiency. |
A.It can be scheduled easily. |
B.It focuses on rote responses. |
C.It is temporarily held in short-term memory. |
D.It enables you to learn critical features of skills and concepts. |
A.Blocking involves practicing one skill at a time before the next. |
B.Correct solution often changes from one practice attempt to the next. |
C.Practising one skill at a time plays an important role in learning a complex subject. |
D.Studying related skills or concepts together is an effective way to train your brain. |
The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific support to the long-held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart.
Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 deaths occurring from heart attacks each year. But previous research has shown that the level of heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart disease deaths, for example, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish consumption averages more than 3 ounces.
For 20 years, the Dutch study followed 852 middle-aged men, 20 percent of whom ate no fish. At the start of the study, average fish consumption was about two-thirds of an ounce each day, with more men eating lean fish than fatty fish.
During the next two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship was true regardless of other factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.
【小题1】The passage is mainly about ________.
A.the effect of fish eating on people’s health |
B.the high incidence of heart disease in some countries |
C.the daily fish consumption of people in different culture |
D.the changes in people’s diet |
A.in the countries of the yellow-skin race |
B.in the countries with good production of fish |
C.in the countries with high consumption of fish |
D.in highly-developed countries |
A.the amount of fish eaten |
B.the kind of fish eaten |
C.regular fish-eating |
D.people of different areas |
A.Ads. | B.Movies. |
C.Briefs. | D.Health and Diet. |
A.Even a small mistake on their part could cause a disaster. |
B.Two large jets were flying towards the airport |
C.Nowadays people like traveling more by air than by car |
D.Today air travel is far safer than driving a car on a bus motor-way |
E.This is an example of the danger that grows every year. |
F.In a word air travel is more dangerous we should choose others |
G.From the moment an airliner takes off to the moment it lands every movement is watched on radar screen |
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