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Digital reading (数字阅读) appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. Astonishing numbers of people with years of schooling are in fact illiterate (文盲). This month’s Ljubljana Manifesto (宣言) explains: “The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many attractions to read in a casual and scattered (零散的) manner— or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”

That’s frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been necessary to civilization. It made the understanding and an international increase in empathy (共鸣). Without it, we would suffer a lot. As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic (后疫情时期) reading scores for American13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy (读写能力) in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century.

Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of thoughtful reading, slow reading and long-form reading.” When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details thoroughly and begin to catch the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning and scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old boy told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more information faster from websites. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine opinions.

In short, as professors from Northwestern University predicted in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” reads long texts, which is worrying.

【小题1】What can we learn about digital reading from paragraph 1?
A.Digital reading has weakened the practice of deep reading.
B.Digital reading has solved the problem of illiteracy.
C.Digital reading has made deep reading accessible to wider readers.
D.Digital reading has caused a greater appreciation for deep reading.
【小题2】What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A.Digital reading’s great popularity.B.The importance of deep reading.
C.American students’ reading skills.D.The lowering of the level of literacy.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Functions.B.Depths.C.Shortcomings.D.Features.
【小题4】What might be talked about in the following paragraph?
A.Advantages of digital reading.B.Measures to practice deep reading.
C.Ways to encourage digital reading.D.Benefits of lower-level reading.
23-24高一下·四川绵阳·期中
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Three Books for a More Honest View of Mother

Life Among the Savages, Shirley Jackson

Shirley Jackson, author of one of the most wonderful novels of all time, The Haunting of Hill House, and of the short story The Lottery, also wrote two charming autobiographical (自传的) novels about raising her four children in a farmhouse in rural Vermont. In my favorite, Life Among the Savages, Jackson’s humor is as smart as her horror is scaring and her children seem never to inspire in her anything worse than a fond anger.

A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You, Amy Bloom

A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You contains one of the most absolute expressions of a mother’s love in fiction. Much of it takes place in the waiting room of a gender-reassignment surgeon. It’s about a woman who is determined to be the mother her child needs her to be. In this book, ordinary women rise to the occasion demanded by motherhood. They make mistakes but they generally succeed in making up for them.

Family Man, Calvin Trillin

My last recommendation is not about mothers at all, but rather about fathers, or rather one father in particular. In Family Man, Calvin Trillin writes about his wife and daughters. He gives what I think is the most useful piece of parenting advice: “Getting advice on the best way to bring up children is like getting advice on the best way to breathe. Sooner or later you’re probably going to forget it and go back to your regular old in-and-out.” Trillin gives the impression of being the best kind of husband.

【小题1】Which book is about a mother’s change and growth?
A.The LotteryB.Life Among the Savages
C.The Haunting of Hill HouseD.A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You
【小题2】What can we get from Family Man?
A.Advice on how to raise children.
B.Advice on how to be a successful writer.
C.Advice on how to get along with others.
D.Advice on how to balance between work and family.
【小题3】What is the purpose of the text?
A.To educate.B.To recommend.C.To advertise.D.To advise.

Never overlook the pleasure of reading a great work of fiction. 【小题1】 Men who read it develop their minds by not only educating themselves with new information but also learning how to think. Reading works of fiction makes a better man.

【小题2】 Reading literary fiction develops our vocabulary, strengthens our speech, and makes us a better writer. Literary fiction, rather than easy-to-read fiction, has the potential to expand our vocabulary because while it exposes us to new thoughts and ideas, it does so through plenty of grammatical styles, forms of wording and undiscovered words.

Fiction is culture. 【小题3】 Reading reveals different cultures and attitudes from a variety of people from various time periods and places. Each great work of fiction is beautiful and an important piece of culture that shapes the different cultures which treasure it.

Fiction develops our theory of mind. 【小题4】 A developed theory of mind allows a person to interact socially and use their cognitive abilities to read thoughts, feelings, and emotions. Studies have found that works of literary fiction can impact our theory of mind so that we may guess motives and thoughts in social situations based on experiences gained from fiction.

When we read literature, we’ll learn things about the world, others and ourselves. 【小题5】

A.Fiction expands our creativity.
B.Fiction expands our vocabulary.
C.Reading great fiction puts us ahead of the pack.
D.Just as each painting tells a story, so does a novel.
E.Thus, the power of literature should not be underestimated.
F.Fiction influences how we think so that we may discover new ideas.
G.It is the realization that other people have different beliefs and desires from their own.

Now that it's spring, you can take your reading from cozy couches and day beds to balconies, gardens, and anywhere the glorious natural light is going to touch. Here are some books that are just as illuminating as that spring sunshine.

Gingerbread by Helen Oyeyemi

$17.70(34% off)

Gingerbread men, gingerbread houses—when you think about it, this sweet treat is more popular in fable and fiction than you might expect. The magic of fairy tales plays a part in this novel about the myth- building that takes place in families, from the author of What Is Not Yours Is Not Yours.

The New Me by Halle Butler

$11.00(31% off)

Wake up, look in the mirror, swear it will all be different today. Sound familiar? Here's that feeling in novel form:Meet Millie, a 30-year-old flailing around in dissatisfaction. A job offer seems promising? Reinvention—but, sadly, easy transformations are for caterpillars, not lonely, anxiety-ridden women.

The White Card by Claudia Rankine

$11.00(31% off)

Mac Arthur Fellow Claudia Rankine follows up her award-winning 2014 poetry book Citizen with a play. Charlotte Cummings, a black artist, has a conversation with the family of a white art dealer, and a collector. As they discuss works of art, the differences between how each values art become apparent, especially when the subject of it is black suffering.

Invisible Women by Caroline Perez

$17.70(34% off)

You know, chest and arm pain, faint and sweating abnormally. But guess what? Those are typically experienced by men—a woman having a heart attack is more likely to feel tired and an unexpected stomach pain. Feeling unbalanced from the built-in prejudices all around us is common, and a corrective like Perez's book is welcome.

【小题1】Which to choose if you are interested in magic?
A.Gingerbread.B.The New Me.
C.The White Card.D.Invisible Women.
【小题2】What writing style is The White Card?
A.Novel.B.Poetry.
C.Essay.D.Play.
【小题3】What is a symptoms of a female heart disease patient according to Perez s book?
A.Having a pain in her chest.
B.Having a sudden stomachache.
C.Having heavy sweat suddenly.
D.Falling unconscious abruptly.

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