For 63 percent of Americans, coffee is one of their daily essentials. This number has been this high since 2017, according to the National Coffee Association. The rise of coffee is due to its numerous benefits like preventing DNA damage, but it works best if you do this simple thing first: Eat.

“Drinking coffee on an empty stomach, or early in the morning before you’ve had breakfast, can raise the level of cortisol (皮质醇) in your body. From the moment you open your eyes in the morning, your body starts releasing cortisol. It’s a hormone (激素) that’s responsible for ruling your immune response, metabolism (新陈代谢), and stress response,” says Dr. Nikola Djordjevic, MD.

“If you pump your body with caffeine(咖啡因) when your cortisol is at its peak,” Djordjevic says, “you’ll be forcing your body to bear even more stress.” In a study that evaluated preference for caffeinated drinks among medical students, it’s shown that 25 percent of students drank coffee in the morning on an empty stomach.

These students are at an increased risk of mood changes and possible long-term effects on their health, as explained in the study. “Drinking coffee on an empty stomach can greatly encourage the acid in your stomach, producing a more acidic environment,” says Dr. Jamie Long, a licensed clinical psychologist. Thus, a full stomach is important to control the amount of stomach acid produced.

Since coffee increases your stomach acid, you’re highly likely to experience heartburn and even develop gastric ulcers (胃溃疡), Djordjevic says. Clearly, drinking coffee on an empty stomach affects physical health. But it does harm to mental health, too. The overproduction of acid in the stomach can cause mood swings, nervousness, shaking and other withdrawal symptoms (症状). “And if you’ve already had the sign of experiencing anxiety, you’re even more possible to be attacked by the effects of coffee,” says Long.

Base line: Know your limits so you can fully experience what coffee can offer, because here’s exactly what happens to your body when you drink coffee daily.

A Brief History Of The Hamburger

The hamburger, in some form or another, has appeared throughout history since the early 4th century. 【小题1】

Traveling from Europe across the Atlantic, the hamburger rose to fame in the US, ranking as an icon in the culinary (烹饪) world.

While its story is long and tiresome—from Mongol horsemen to American county fairs (集会), here’s how Americas favorite sandwich became what we know and love today.

【小题2】 Some historians believe it was the Mongols that spread the tradition in the 13th century. It spread throughout the empire and across Europe, with Moscow adopting a raw version (型式)—known today as steak tartare. Russians brought the recipe to the Germans in the 17th century, arriving via the port of Hamburg.

In the 1840s, German immigrants fleeing political revolutions in their country left for the New World. The Hamburg steak is said to have been eaten on the ships before arriving in the US.【小题3】

A few short years later, Frank and Charles Menches from New York and Charlie Nagreen from Wisconsin both claim to be its creators. 【小题4】 But whatever its origin, the hamburger didn’t receive significant attention until it was featured by Louis Lunch at the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904, known for introducing wild and new foods to Americans.

Led by McDonalds, American-style patented fast food spread globally. By the 2000s, America had become a burger-fascinated nation. 【小题5】

Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water．There are different kinds of tea including green tea and black tea．A cup of tea has become a part of our daily lives and our culture．Earlier, tea used to be made in large pots．Hot water was poured over a bunch of tea leaves even to make a single cup．It is believed that this led to waste of tea and that is where the story of the teabag comes in．

It is more convenient and easier to use a teabag than to brew(沏) fresh tea leaves every time you want to make a cup of tea．With the help of teabags, tea was made available in places like offices and airplanes．In order to make tea taste good, you need to remove the dried leaves after brewing．With teabags, you can brew a great cup of tea without a tea strainer．

“Who invented the teabag？”has been a question for a very long time．There are some interesting stories about this question, but the most popular one is of a New York tea businessman, Thomas Sullivan．In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags．A few of his customers thought that these bags were to be dipped(浸) in water to brew tea and so they did not empty out the tea．Sullivan did not realize this till the time he started receiving complaints from customers about the orders not being sent in bags．Then he started producing teabags and because of silk being too expensive he later used gauze(纱布)．

The_popular_Sullivan_story_lacks_evidence．Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product．Teabags have managed to make our lives so much easier．By the 1920s, teabags had successfully become the new way of drinking．It brought about a great change in our habit of drinking tea．