Music exists almost every human culture on earth. The oldest discovered musical instruments date back over 40,000 years to the Stone Age.
In prehistoric times, music promoted tighter social bonding between group members. Singing and drumming together released chemicals like dopamine and endorphins, inducing positive emotions that strengthened social connections.
Early music likely aided communication too. Rhythmic drumbeats and calls organized the actions and movements of groups during hunts or battle. Singing while working made labor less boring. Mothers may have sung primitive tunes to children as an early form of emotional communication.
In all these ways, music increased survival chances in human evolution. Natural selection then embedded (嵌入) the capacity for music into our biology. Supporting this, scientists have discovered specific regions of the brain devoted to musical processing. Children have an inborn ability to detect musical patterns and different tonal pitches.
A.Music also strengthened defenses. |
B.Music can bring humans a lot of joy. |
C.Music also helped to win the battle. |
D.But scientists believe music itself could be much older than that. |
E.We connect with music now simply because we are born to do so. |
F.Even patients with severe dementia (痴呆) respond actively to their favorite childhood songs. |
G.This allowed groups to cooperate better in hunting, children-caring and protection against outside threats. |
The head teacher Brian Walker at the West Park School in Derby asks some students to stay behind after school on Fridays. He forces his students to listen to Mozart and other classical music. He also makes them copy his favorite poems and they have to watch educational videos.
Mr. Walker says his main aim is to stop noisy pupils causing trouble in class for students who want to study. He said the students staying behind were “not the smokers or drinkers, the truants (逃学生) or the people who are late for school…It’s those who have slowed the learning and teaching in class for everyone”. Mr. Walker said this was unacceptable, because it was making the rest of the students fail to focus their attention on their study.
Mr. Walker believes what he does reminds students that education is something to value. “It helps them see they are part of something bigger that will improve their life chances,” he said. The head teacher thinks students in fact learn from being kept behind after school. “Hopefully, I open their ears to an experience they don’t normally have and don’t want to have again, so it’s both educational and acts as a warning.”
Music has had success elsewhere in reducing bad behavior. In 2004, it reduced crime on London’s subway by 25 percent. Researchers from a Belfast university found it helped stop elephants’ bad behavior.
However, one West Park student called Kieran said, “An hour of Mr. Walker’s music is a real killer.”
【小题1】Mr. Walker asks his students to listen to music to _______________.
A.make them rest after a day’s study |
B.punish them for their bad behavior |
C.get them to love arts gradually |
D.reduce their bad behavior |
A.plays truant |
B.smokes in class |
C.bothers others in class |
D.comes late for class |
A.Because the rest of the students hate them. |
B.Because they are wasting their life. |
C.Because they are disturbing teachers. |
D.Because they have a bad influence on the other students. |
A.some students don’t realize education is valuable |
B.all students can learn from music |
C.music must be taught after class |
D.students ought to love music |
A.the action Mr. Walker takes sometimes doesn’t really work as planned |
B.Mr. Walker aims to tell students study is important |
C.once music helped animals behave well |
D.animals also like to listen to music |
Music Therapy
Music therapy (疗法) is a form of therapy which utilizes music.
Humans have been making music for thousands of years, and many doctors throughout history have proved the idea that music is beneficial to the mind and body, in addition to being enjoyable.
Some specific applications for music therapy include: pain management, stress management, behavioral therapy, treatment for substance abuse, and work with people who have developmental disabilities.
Like other expressive therapies such as art therapy and dance therapy, the focus of music therapy is not on the end product, such as a musical composition, and people do not need to have prior experience with music to benefit from this type of therapy.
A.This type of therapy has a number of benefits. |
B.The measures are tailored to the need of the patient. |
C.People can practice music therapy in a variety of ways. |
D.This type of therapy may involve making music or listening to music. |
E.But there are still many fields of music therapy needing to be learned about. |
F.In the 20th century, the practice of music therapy improved as researchers conducted studies to learn how music acted on the brain and body. |
G.What is more focused on is the process of listening to, creating, or thinking about music. |
There is an interesting, but at the same time a sad phenomenon now:there is a rise in the number of singers and bands that have little to do with good music.Many singers or bands know little about what good music means. What is the cause of this rise?
Most of these singers have taken music as a“job” because it is a good source of making money. And if you have a good appearance and also expensive clothes to show off at your concerts or at different appearances in public, then your voice is not as important as it should be. The public will prefer to admire more the most interesting parts of your body, whether you are a girl or a boy.They will even forget about the fact that you are there to show your music skills, not your dancing, which is important too, but not at such a high level.
Therefore, we can see many young girls on TV who look very good but who have nothing to do with music.They choose to wear very provocative (挑逗性的) clothes to catch attention, but when it comes to singing they are a complete mess and one doesn't need to have an ear for music to notice their lack of talent. But anyway, they have concerts and they enjoy travelling from one place to another. It is the public's fault because they accept this and are pleased with this commercial music. People who enjoy this kind of music are generally young people while adults prefer listening to old good bands.
However, the young generation should understand while appearance is important, it is less important than talent and a good voice. If somebody has a great voice and wants to become a singer, he should take some special courses in this area, because they will help him improve singing abilities.
【小题1】The passage shows that many singers consider music as_____.A.an art serving the public |
B.a good way of making money |
C.a way of living fully |
D.a fashionable lifestyle |
A.appearance is the most important thing in the world of music |
B.all people who have received training in singing can become famous |
C.adults should help young people improve their abilities |
D.a singer's talent and voice are the most important factors |
A.Critical. | B.Supportive. |
C.Tolerant. | D.Worried. |
A.Entertainment. | B.Sport. |
C.Comment. | D.Story. |
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