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When you are asked to draw a picture, in spite of your best effort, you can’t make it look like the model shown. Then you may have thought, “I don’t have a creative bone in my body.”

According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have studied the complex subject of creativity through a series of research strictly, you are underrating yourself. Da Vinci you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed. It’s learning to develop this unique tool of extraordinary productivity, and then applying it in everything you do, that counts to tell you from figures like Da Vinci.

“Even if we don’t have the good fortune to discover a new chemical element or write a great story, the love of the creative process for its own sake is available to all,” says Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in Creativity: Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention.

Most people believe the ability of creativity has been awarded to those considered to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses”, as we often call them, with respect and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people assume, are due to good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology, from some kind of god’s inspiration.

There is no argument that the world is never short of highly talented and creative people. They are masters of their trades and stand heads-and-shoulders above common people, making new pathways for others to follow, and providing greater context and understanding of our world. It could be said that without creativity humanity would not evolve so rapidly.

But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who possesses his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the only passion, people who show the slightest unwillingness for challenging labor are bound to witness their boasted (吹嘘的) ability disappear.

After closely studying 91 creative and influential people, including novelists, playwrights, composers, musicians and scientists, Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed and their almost crazy willingness to follow their creative effort to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we all can master, so long as we’d like to.

【小题1】It’s widely believed that creativity comes from_________.
A.the inborn genes or relevant gifts
B.the tool we learn from masters like Da Vinci
C.some kind of god from Greek
D.good training people receive from artistic classes
【小题2】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Creativity lies in devotion and effort.
B.The field of baseball requires more gifts than hard work.
C.People’s admiration of geniuses makes humanity develop quickly.
D.People don’t think that the world is never short of highly talented people.
【小题3】The underlined word “foregoing” is closest in meaning to _________.
A.referring toB.combiningC.giving upD.extending
【小题4】What is the passage mainly about?
A.Ordinary people’s unwillingness to follow the examples of creative ones.
B.The reasons for the success of those possessing creativity.
C.Creative people view things differently from ordinary people.
D.People’s misunderstanding of creativity and its true nature.
22-23高二下·福建·开学考试
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Is It Bad to Cross Your Legs When You Sit?

Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other. it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.

A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. This happens because the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart, crossing one leg over the other Increases resistance (阻力), making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but if you sit for long periods of time it’s important that you take note of how long you have your legs crossed for. You shouldn’t have your legs crossed for more than 15 minutes. and it’s important that you get up and walk around at least once every hour.

Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. Ideally, it’s best for our bodies to sit with our feet planted flat, hip width apart, on the floor, but it’s not easy to maintain perfect posture all day at the office. When you sit with your legs crossed your hips are in a twisted position, which can cause one of your pelvic bones (骨盆) to rotate. Since your pelvic bone supports your neck and spine, this can cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck.

You also might notice that when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your feet and legs get tingly or have the feeling of being asleep. This is because when one leg sits on top of the other it causes pressure on the veins and nerves in your legs and feet. It can cause pumbness and/or temporary paralysis in the legs, ankles, or feet While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.

So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.

【小题1】According to paragraph 2. we can infer that ________.
A.it’s no big deal to cross our legs for less than 15 minutes
B.we will feel uncomfortable at the moment we cross the legs
C.we should take a walk every hour after sitting still
D.crossing legs while sitting-makes it harder to ciroulate our blood
【小题2】According to paragraph 4. repeatedly crossing your legs may
A.paralyze all of your musclesB.preventing you from standing up
C.damage your nerve in the leg in the endD.reduce the pressure on the major nerve
【小题3】Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A.B.
C.D.

All of us face a variety of risks to our health in our daily life. Driving cars and being exposed to environmental pollutants all pose certain degrees of risk. Some risks would restrict our ability to lead a good life. And some are risks we might decide to avoid if we had the opportunity to make informed choices. Indoor air pollution is one risk that you can do something about.

Scientific evidence has indicated that the air within homes can be more seriously polluted than the outdoor air in even the most industrialized cities. Other research indicates that people spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors. Thus, for many people, the risks to health may be greater due to exposure to air pollution indoors than outdoors.

In addition, people exposed to indoor air pollutants for the longest periods of time are often those most susceptible to the effects of indoor air pollution. Such groups include kids, the elderly and the chronically ill, especially those suffering from respiratory disease.

While pollutant levels from individual sources may not pose a significant health risk by themselves, most homes have more than one source that contributes to indoor air pollution. There can be a serious risk from the cumulative effects of these sources. Fortunately, there are steps that most people can take both to reduce the risk from existing sources and to prevent new problems from occurring. This brochure was prepared by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to help you decide whether to take action that can reduce the level of indoor air pollution in your own home.

Because so many Americans spend a lot of time in offices with mechanical heating and cooling systems, there is also a short section on the causes of poor air quality in offices and what you can do if you suspect that your office may have a problem.

【小题1】Who will be exposed to indoor air pollution more often according to the text?
A.A driver.B.A housewife.C.A farmer.D.A cyclist.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “susceptible” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Sensitive.B.Essential.C.Accustomed.D.Familiar.
【小题3】What can the brochure of EPA and CPSC help people do?
A.Lead a healthier and richer life.B.Throw individual things away.
C.Get rid of the risk of air pollution.D.Reduce the risk of indoor air pollution.
【小题4】What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A.To show Americans’ unhealthy lifestyle.
B.To stress the negative influence of pollution.
C.To tell people to reduce the time spent at home.
D.To remind people to take note of indoor air pollution.

Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.

This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.

You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our night-time rest. We sleep in cycles, each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM.

The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabiliser. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁剂) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.

We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions.

Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits.

【小题1】What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams?
A.They cause chaos.B.They mirror reality.
C.They reveal secrets.D.They damage immunity.
【小题2】What does “this trend” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Insufficient sleep.B.A constant state of dreamlessness.
C.Addiction to electronic products.D.More research on sleep and dreams.
【小题3】What can we learn about REM?
A.REM helps people fight depression.
B.REM can be improved by anti-depressants.
C.REM sleep occurs before non-REM sleep.
D.The brain receives new information during REM sleep.
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.The importance of sleep lies in dreams.
B.The absence of dreams is harmful to human beings.
C.Dreaming patterns are more important than we realise.
D.Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories.

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