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As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss. We review what is known about summer loss and offer suggestions for schools looking to solve the problem.

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Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. Not surprisingly, research suggests that programs are more effective when students attend consistently and spend more time on task academically. Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. Doing so would set more students up for success as the school year gets underway.

【小题1】In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to__________.
A.propose a definitionB.make a comparison
C.present an issueD.make an argument
【小题2】What does the author think of summer school programs?
A.The conventional programs are ineffective.
B.More choices should be provided for students.
C.Students should do more academic tasks.
D.The programs are punishment for students.
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I am a sophomore (大二学生) at Princeton University, where I am majoring in chemical engineering. I chose to study at UCD in the spring of 2015 primarily because I have always been interested in Ireland and Irish culture, but also to take advantage of UCD’s courses in pharmacology (药理学), a field not offered at my home school. I also chose UCD because of its Introduction to Scientific Research module, which matches visiting students with professors for a term-long research project, and because of the Science office’s friendliness and helpfulness. I am convinced that I made the best possible decision!
While at UCD I lived on campus, which allowed me to throw myself into everything the university has to offer. I was given the opportunity to work with Geraldine Butler’s lab. I loved it so much that I ended up heading to the lab almost every weekday, whenever I wasn’t attending my always-interesting classes in pharmacology. After lab, I enjoyed a variety of after-school activities—that was certainly a new experience for me.
Living in Dublin provided a great opportunity for seeing the rest of Ireland and Europe. I spent my weekends and spring break traveling to every corner of the island, amazed at all of the history and natural beauty. I was also able to visit the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Sweden. After every trip, it was nice to return to friendly Dublin and head out with my roommates to one of our favorite pubs.
I would highly recommend studying abroad at UCD. I learned so much from my courses and my research project and had a wonderful time exploring Ireland. I can’t wait to come back!
【小题1】Where is the author when he is writing the passage?
A.At Princeton University.B.At UCD.
C.In the UK.D.In Sweden.
【小题2】Which is NOT the reason why the author chose UCD ?
A.He was attracted by Ireland and Irish culture.
B.There was a chance for him to change his major.
C.It offered visiting students a guided research project.
D.The staff in the Science office were friendly and helpful.
【小题3】What does the author feel at the moment?
A.Excited.B.Upset.
C.Worried.D.Tired.
【小题4】What probably can be the best title of the passage?
A.A Scientific Project.B.Colorful School Life.
C.Live on Campus.D.Study Abroad at UCD.
Read the following paragraphs carefully and write a proper topic sentence for each paragraph.

【小题1】. First, it is the cheapest form of transport compared with trains and planes. As I am a student with only a small amount of pocket money, naturally I’ll try to find the cheapest way. Second, it is true that travelling by sea is much slower. But I can walk on the deck and enjoy the beauty of nature. In short, no other form of transport can make me happier.

Albert Einstein, one of the world’s geniuses, failed in his university entrance examination on his first attempt. William Faulkner, a famous American writer, never finished college because he could not pass his English courses. Sir Winston Churchill, who is considered one of the masters of the English language, had to have special tutoring in English during elementary school.【小题2】.

【小题3】. Karaoke is a good way to relax. You can learn a new song easily. It’s also a good way to entertain your friends. Nearly everybody can become a singing star. However, everything has two sides, and so does Karaoke. It’s noisy for your neighbours and makes them uncomfortable if you sing badly. In fact, it might create a kind of noise pollution.

It is true that the city can bring much convenience and entertainment, the very reason people can’t bear to part with city life.【小题4】 Just think of the places where we live, full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and lorries day and night, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

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