As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss. We review what is known about summer loss and offer suggestions for schools looking to solve the problem.

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Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. Not surprisingly, research suggests that programs are more effective when students attend consistently and spend more time on task academically. Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. Doing so would set more students up for success as the school year gets underway.

【小题1】In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to__________.

A．propose a definition	B．make a comparison
C．present an issue	D．make an argument

【小题2】What does the author think of summer school programs?

A．The conventional programs are ineffective.

B．More choices should be provided for students.

C．Students should do more academic tasks.

D．The programs are punishment for students.