Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, when cholera 【小题1】 (break) out in Europe, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Snow subscribed 【小题2】 the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. He suspected that the water pump was 【小题3】 (blame). Snow began by marking on a map the exact places 【小题4】 all those who died had lived. As 【小题5】 consequence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. 【小题6】 (according), he had the handle of the pump 【小题7】 (remove) so that it could not be used. The truth was 【小题8】 there was a link between cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. The people who drank this water were much 【小题9】 (likely) to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, by 【小题10】(use) maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.

The sheepskin raft, the oldest ferry tool along the Yellow River, has a history of nearly 2.000 years. The airbag of the raft is made of a whole sheepskin and experiences processes that include【小题1】(heat), soaking, sewing, drying and blowing. Afterwards, the airbags are attached 【小题2】 a wooden stand, enabling its use for transporting people and goods across the water.

It is said that the【小题3】 (large) sheepskin raft in old times consisted of more than 600 sheepskin airbags, with an impressive length of 22 meters and a 【小题4】 (wide) of 7 meters.

【小题5】 railways were not yet in operation and road traffic was inconvenient in the early 20th century, the sheepskin raft 【小题6】(serve) as the most important means of transportation for residents nearby.

However, with the rapid development of society, the sheepskin raft has finished 【小题7】 (it) historical task in transporting people and goods. Nowadays, it can only be found in several cities. It has become a tool for people 【小题8】 (go) sightseeing along the river.

Today only some of the older generation of rafters still operate the traditional sheepskin rafts,【小题9】 are struggling to make a living. 【小题10】(surprising), the younger generations prefer to pursue other business opportunities on the riverbank rather than continue the operation.

The United Kingdom’s long and interesting history can help you better understand the country and 【小题1】(it)traditions. Almost everywhere in the UK, there’s evidence of different groups of people 【小题2】 took control at different times throughout history. The Romans came in the first century, and some of their 【小题3】(achieve)included building towns and roads. The Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They changed the way people built houses. The Normans conquered England in the 11th century and had castles 【小题4】(build)all around England. The Normans were French, so many French words 【小题5】(slow)entered into the English language.