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The animal kingdom is dotted with species that give birth to spotted young, from deer to birds and fish. Even species that we don’t typically associate with spots, such as lions, wear the pattern as babies, only to lose it later in life.

But what purpose do these spots serve, and why do only some species seem to have them? Kiyoko Gotanda, a biologist at Brock University, said it is likely so common because spots are useful in keeping babies hidden from their enemies.

Spotted young tend to be more common in species that live in habitats with some three-dimensional structures, Gotanda noted, and less common in environments that are uniform or featureless. Indeed, baby seals born on pack ice are pure white, and develop spots only when they leave the ice for rocky beaches. But in habitats with some cover, spots function as the sunlight passing through leaves or tall grass, making an animal hard to be discovered in its background.

“It is not as overt a pattern as something like a stick insect that becomes something else entirely, which can be clearly identified. But spots do create these three-dimensional effects that help some species hide better,” said Gotanda.

In other rarer cases, spots actually help babies stand out. Young garibaldi — orange marine fish found along the coast of California and Mexico — have bright-blue spots that advertise their lowly status to highly territorial (有地盘意识的) males. As the fish grow and start to engage in the social order, their spots fade.

In fact, many species grow out of their spots, and the reasons aren’t entirely understood. According to Gotanda, patterning is typically considered more energetically costly to produce than a single, solid color. But spots don’t take a lot of energy to grow and maintain at least in the case of white spots. There must be other reasons to explain their loss, he said.

【小题1】Where are spotted baby animals more likely to appear according to Paragraph 3?
A.In the desert.B.On the ice.C.In the forest.D.In the lake
【小题2】What does the underlined word “overt” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Obvious.B.Strange.C.Hidden.D.Complex.
【小题3】Which statement might Gotanda agree with?
A.Animals with spots on the body are more energetic.
B.Spotted animals often exist in uniform surroundings.
C.The growth of animal spots will consume lots of energy.
D.There are more to explore about the loss of animal spots.
【小题4】What can be the best title for the text?
A.How Are Spots Protecting Baby Animals?
B.Why Do So Many Baby Animals Have Spots?
C.Where Can You Find Baby Animals with Spots?
D.What Causes the Loss of Spots on Baby Animals?
23-24高三下·河北石家庄·阶段练习
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It's a little hard to figure out the rules for sure but the baby African buffalo (水牛)seems to have the upper hand. The two stand a couple   feet apart, staring at each other. Behind them, their mothers look on with the kind of indifference (不关心)of mothers everywhere who see their kids playing a harmless game.

The alarm went off about half an hour ago, the second time tonight. Here,one bell means "elephant ",two "rhino"(犀牛),and three and four,I really can't remember for what,because when you' re awoken by bells in the middle of the night,your first thought won’t be Animal", But as soon as I realized it was the rhino alarm, I was running for the stairs.

Yet I'm the only one watching the animals stare-down. Either nobody else died of a heart attack when the bells went off, or I was the only one in the entire hotel who didn't turn the alarm switch to off before going to bed.

The Ark, a hotel shaped like the biblical ark(圣经的方舟), lies in the highlands of Kenya’s Aberdare National Park, about 100 kilometers north of Nairobi. At the Ark's prow (船首) are huge windows overlooking a waterhole. Earlier tonight,I'd watched a pack of wolves, buffalos and elephants. And now, at Three or so in the mornings   I'm   down   for   the round of rhino bells. The first time, 2.5 hours ago, it was a single black rhino, which came   down, got a   drink, and left.

I'd have been sorry for the lost sleep. I've already arranged with a guide to take me out at sunrise for the so-called "should-never-missed" bird-watching, where well get to see 30 species, but really, how many times in your life will you get to wake up and say,"Wow! Rhino? Isn't that the definition of a pretty good right? Last week we went from Uganda into Kenya,Before I left home, I thought I'd be happy with ten elephants and five or six giraffes on the whole trip.I   didn't dare to dream the rhino.

【小题1】The message that the hotel's bells sent was       .
A.a very wise way the author had never heard of
B.hard for the author to remember in detail
C.a matter that all visitors had got used to
D.like conditioned response training for animals
【小题2】What's the author's attitude toward the bell?
A.It's   bothering but two bells are welcome.
B.It should be turned off whenever it rings,
C.Its visitors have a chance to see buffalos.
D.It is a very bad way to wake the guests up.
【小题3】What does the underlined part “died of a heart attack" in paragraph 3 mean ?
A.died unexpectedly
B.felt extremely excited
C.felt very uncomfortable and tired
D.suffered from a terrible heart attack
【小题4】What did the author see at about 3:00   a.m.?
A.Two buffalos were fighting fiercely for food,
B.A rhino and a buffalo were fighting for water.
C.A rhino and a buffalo were staring at each other.
D.A buffalo was teaching its baby to walk freely.

Honeybees can’t swim, and when their wings are wet, they can’t fly, either. But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water, they can use their wings to produce little waves and slide toward land—like surfers who create and then ride their own waves.

As with many scientific advances-Isaac Newton’s apple or Benjamin Franklin’s lightning bolt—Dr. Roh’s experiment began with a walk. Passing Caltech’s Millikan Pond in 2016, he observed a bee on the water’s surface producing waves. He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself through water.

Dr. Roh and his co-worker, Morteza Gharib, used butterfly nets to collect local Pasadena honeybees and observed their surf-like movements. The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee’s bodily movement, allowing close examination of their wings. They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle, pulling up water and producing a forward force. Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air. But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down. It’s a tough exercise for the bees, which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.

The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn’t been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic insects use their legs for propulsion, which is known as water-walking. It may have evolved in bees, they predicted.

Dr. Roh and Dr. Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees’ surfing. One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea. “This could be useful for search and rescues, or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean, if you can’t send a boat or helicopter,” Dr. Gharib said.

【小题1】What does the author intend to show by mentioning Newton and Franklin?
A.Roh’s admiration for them.B.Roh’s chance discovery about bees.
C.Their outstanding talent for science.D.Their similar achievements in discovery.
【小题2】What plays the most vital role in a bee’s moving forward on water?
A.The air weight.B.Its leg extension.
C.The water movement.D.Its continuous wingbeat.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Fast flight.B.Driving force.C.Pulling speed.D.Explosive power.
【小题4】According to the last Paragraph, which of the following isn’t the practical applications for bees’ surfing?
A.designing robots with the ability to travel across both sky and sea.
B.Rescuing ships or saving sailors trapped in the ocean.
C.Acquiring knowledge of moving samples of the surface of the ocean.
D.Making helicopters in the shape of bees.
【小题5】What does the text mainly tell us?
A.Honeybees can surf to safety.B.Bees help scientists make inventions.
C.Insects can adapt to the environment.D.Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.

The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs.

This comes after a national law was passed to give prison sentences to people who desert cats or dogs.

“The civilization of a city can be measured by this,” said Monica Cirinna, the councilor (议员) behind the hew law.

“It's good to do whatever we can for our animals who in exchange for a little love fill our existence with their attention,” she told a Rome newspaper.

The newspaper reported that round bowls don't give enough oxygen for fish and may make then go blind.

“Rome has tried to protect fish more than anywhere else in the world, It stands out for recognizing that fish are interesting animals who deserve our respect and compassion every bit as much as dogs and cats and other animals,” said Karin Robertson, a director of the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.

Last year a law was passed in Italy that gives people who desert pets big fines and prison sentences Since then local governments have added their own animal protection rules.

The northern city of Turin passed a law in April to give pet owners fines of up to $598 if they do not walk their dogs three times a day.

The new law in Rome also says that owners mustn't leave their dogs in hot cars or cut their dogs' tails to make them look lovelier. The law also gives legal recognition to the “cat ladies” who feed homeless cats The cats live all over the city from ancient ruins to modern office car parks.

【小题1】The new law passed in Rome will ________.
A.help improve fishing environmentB.guarantee better conditions for goldfish
C.stop people from catching goldfishD.discourage keeping goldfish at home
【小题2】People in Rome believe that the civilization of a city can be judged by its ________.
A.exchanges with other citiesB.protection for ancient ruins
C.awareness of animal protectionD.recognition of animal lovers
【小题3】The underlined word “compassion” in Paragraph 6 is the closest in meaning to ________.
A.pityB.praise
C.supportD.popularity
【小题4】People may break the law in Turin if they ________.
A.keep their dogs or cats in carsB.feed homeless animals in car parks
C.raise their cats near ancient ruinsD.shut their dogs home all day long

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