Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits.The last time a female British scientist won the Nobel Prize for chemistry was in1964. Her name was Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. 【小题1】 her, only two women had won the Chemistry prize: Marie Curie in 1911, and her daughter Irene Joliot-Curie in 1935.
Hodgkin was born in Cairo, Egypt in 1910, as the eldest of four daughters of John Crowfoot and his wife Molly. The girls were sent back to England when the First World War broke out. By the time she was 11 years old, Dorothy’s schooling had been a bit hit and miss. But she had spent a term 【小题2】 (learn) to grow crystals (晶体), and chemistry had enthralled her. At the Sir John Leman School, she had to fight to be allowed to take chemistry, which was seen as a “boys’ subject.” But she did well, and in 1928 she entered Somerville College, Oxford Universiy, to do a chemistry degree.
At every stage her parents, particularly her mother, encouraged her ambitions. No one ever said to her, as they did to other clever girls at the time, that 【小题3】 she was too brainy she’d never get a husband. It was in a book her mother gave her 【小题4】 Dorothy learned about the technique of X-ray crystallography (X射线晶体学). It’s a way of working out 【小题5】 a complex molecule is arranged in three dimensions. She immediately decided that was 【小题6】 she wanted to do.
Hodgkin was the most important leader and innovator in her field. The impact of her work led to her becoming the only female British scientist 【小题7】 (win) a Nobel Prize so far. The 1964 award recognised her work in discovering the 3D shapes of penicillin (盘尼西林) and vitamin B12.
Accurate knowledge of the shape of penicillin was very important in understanding how it 【小题8】 overcome bacterial infections. Her work is still of great significance in the development of new antibiotics. They are currently badly needed as some bacteria 【小题9】 (develop) resistance to existing drugs.
Hodgkin’s work also had a huge impact on the treatment of diabetes. In 1969, after 35 years of hard work, she figured out the 3D shape of the insulin (胰岛素) molecule. Insulin is an important hormone (激素) used by the body to process sugars in food. Understanding 【小题10】 structure is significant for human diabetes control.
Hodgkin was not only an exceptional scientist but also was, and continues to be, an inspirational role model to generations of researchers, both male and female.
