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For the past three decades, companies and consumers have benefited from cross—border connections that have helped to maintain a steady supply of electronics, clothes, toys and other goods so abundant that it has managed to keep prices low across the board.

However, as the pandemic and the Russia — Ukraine conflict continue to weigh on trade and business ties, that period of plenty appears to be undergoing a partial reversal. Companies are rethinking where to source their products and are stockpiling inventory (库存), even at the potential cost of lowering their efficiency and increasing their operation expense. If the situation lasts for very long, _________could have important implications for inflation (通货膨胀) and the world economy.

American economists are debating whether recent supply chain troubles and geopolitical conflicts will result in a shake-up of global production, in which factories that had previously been sent offshore or areas with fewer tax regulations, move back to the United States or into other more stable countries. If this happens, a decades-long decline in the prices of many goods could come to an end. We may even witness a slide backwards, meaning a potential boost in prices and overall inflation as a result.

The period of global integration before the pandemic made many of the things Americans buy cheaper. Computers and other forms of technology made factories more efficient, and they rolled out sneakers, kitchen tables, and electronics at a pace unmatched in history. Companies slashed their production costs by moving factories offshore, where wages were lower. The adoption of steel shipping containers and ever larger cargo ships allowed products to be transported from Bangladesh and China to Seattle and Tupelo and everywhere in between at astonishingly low prices.

Those changes, however, had consequences for American factory workers, who saw many jobs disappear. Katherine Tai, the U. S. trade representative, said that, while American consumers have enjoyed the “luxury” of low prices for imported goods for a long time now, the system upon which it was built has always been a very “fragile” one. Americans are not just consumers, but also workers who have to compete in a global marketplace for talent where globalization “has damaged opportunities and wages for average American workers”.

“Some returning is occurring — let’s make no mistake about that.” Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala., the Director-General of the World Trade Organization, said in an interview. But the data shows that most businesses are reducing their risk by building up their inventories and finding additional suppliers in low-cost countries, such as Vietnam and Mexico. This process could end up helping more deeply integtate poorer countries in Africa and other parts of the world into the global value chains, said Dr. Okonjo-Iweala.

The intertwined trajectory (轨迹) of globalization, low prices, and inflation on the whole will be closely watched by economists over the years to come. “It would certainly be a different world.” Jerome H. Powel, the chair of the Federal Reserve, said when asked about a possible move away from globalization. “It’s not obvious how dramatically conditions will change,” he said. “But it’s clear that it’s slowed down.”

【小题1】Which of the following best fits the blank in Paragraph 2?
A.the trend of global integration
B.a shift away from fine-tuned globalization
C.the benefit of cheap and plenty goods
D.an upcoming economic crash
【小题2】Which of the following statement is true about the shake-up of global production?
A.A potential decline in prices of goods can be expected.
B.American companies may locate their offshore factories in Africa.
C.Efficient transportation makes bulk buying convenient for Americans.
D.Inflation has a role to play in the shake-up of globalization.
【小题3】What can be inferred from Paragraph 5?
A.Katherine Tai takes a neutral position concerning globalization.
B.American factory workers face heightened competition from domestic rivals.
C.American consumers generally benefited from global integration.
D.Exported goods lead to the lower wages of average Americans.
【小题4】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A.The Era of Cheap and Plenty May be Ending
B.Globalization: Crisis or Opportunities?
C.New Winners in the Post-globalization Era
D.The Future of Global Economy
23-24高一下·上海·阶段练习
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Google has been hit with a class-action lawsuit alleging discrimination against conservative-minded white men, in a legal case that threatens a fresh round of the culture wars that engulfed the internet company last summer.

The suit has been brought by James Damore, an engineer who was sacked in August after his questioning of Google policies to increase the hiring of women and minorities caused an outcry inside the company. It also names a second engineer, David Demanding, who has also claimed wrongful termination after leaving the company in 2016. The company did not immediately have a response to the suit.

Since leaving Google, Mr. Damore has spoken out widely against the company, attacking it for what he calls “group think” over gender and other diversity issues. His case became a rallying point for conservatives last year at a time when cultural battles stirred by President Donald Trump were intensifying nationally.

The class action lawsuit, filed in superior court in California on Monday, was brought on behalf of all employees whom Google is alleged to have discriminated against either because of “their perceived conservative political views . . . their male gender . . . [or] their Caucasian race”.

The lawsuit claims that there is “open hostility for conservative thought” at the company and that people who diverge from the mainstream are singled out for expressing views on subjects such as diversity hiring policies, bias sensitivity and social justice.

Employees are “distracted, belittled and punished for their heterodox political views, and for the added sin of their birth circumstances of being Caucasians and/or males”, the suit alleges. It accuses Google of being an “ideological echo chamber” that is hostile to some workers, and of maintaining illegal hiring quotas for women and minorities. The suit will move forward only if a judge certifies it as a valid action on behalf of an entire class of workers.

Mr. Damore was dismissed by Sundae Archaic, Google’s chief executive, after writing an internal memo questioning the company’s diversity policies. His paper was widely circulated and aroused a backlash inside Google. But his treatment brought an outcry from conservatives who saw Mr Pharisaic reaction as an attack on open discussion of an important social issue.

Among the allegations, the lawsuit claims that “the presence of Caucasians and males was mocked with ‘boos’ during company-wide weekly meetings” at Google.

【小题1】James Damore was fired by Google on the grounds that            .
A.he embraced the vision that women were underemployed in Google
B.he found it hard to adapt himself to the corporate culture of Google
C.Google is intolerable of different viewpoints of employees on Sex/puff
D.he expressed the sexist attitude towards women’s professional fulfillment
【小题2】Which of the following sentences is correct?
A.Google considers women more suited that men to engineering
B.The code of conduct and basic values of Google are in everyone’s interest.
C.Google is trying to wipe out some kind of discrimination in the company.
D.White people are underrated for their conservative political opinions in Google.
【小题3】What does the underlined phrase probably mean?
A.Resistance.B.Sympathy.C.Affectation.D.Indifference.
【小题4】The passage is chiefly concerned with             .
A.arguing against a reversed discrimination from a dismissed Google employee
B.warning the application of Google value affecting the employees negatively
C.advocating the same treatment in workplace
D.exploring the legal remedies for inequality among workers

About two months ago, I removed Uber Eats from my phone. Not because I didn’t like using it. I loved it. Like most cheap, modern luxuries though, there are hidden costs.

“Restaurants are barely surviving. Delivery apps will kill them” was a headline in a newspaper, one of many stories exploring the unfair sign-up strategies and high fees taken by these tech companies. Moreover, there were reports about bad working conditions for delivery riders, leading to tragic accidents, even deaths. That’s truly unbearable!

I deleted the app and haven’t used it, or any of its competitors, since. Instead of ordering online, now I either cook something or get takeaway nearby. Cooking better food has been a great motivation for me. On lazy nights, I’ve discovered that I can still make a satisfying meal by using whatever ingredients I have on hand. This approach has also saved me much money. As with lots of online shopping, I’d been ordering food without much thought about the cost. Cooking is almost always cheaper and so is old-school takeaway.

These changes have cost me one thing — time. One reason the apps are so popular is that they meet the needs of the convenience-seeking, time-starved individuals. But rather than adding to my stress, having to plan meals again somehow made life less so. Some days it’s been a good motivation to stop work earlier, and engage in activities like going to the shops, or start chopping onions. Walking to pick up takeaway forces you to go for a walk. The change in habit forced me to be on my devices a bit less and to be in my actual life and neighbourhood a bit more.

The process has made me think about how technological advances do save us time, but time for what? For me, the answer was often just more time working, or more time online. Making my own food feels like taking back time I had given up for things far less nourishing (有营养的).

【小题1】Which might be the reason for the author to remove Uber Eats?
A.Her passion for cooking.B.Her boredom with online ordering.
C.Her preference for another app.D.Her concern for its negative impacts.
【小题2】What does the author think of cooking?
A.Addictive and money-saving.B.Cheap and convenient.
C.Time-consuming but rewarding.D.Motivating but stressful.
【小题3】What does “the process” refer to in the last paragraph?
A.Reflecting on the influence of hi-tech.
B.Adapting to life free of delivery apps.
C.Getting into a healthy eating habit.
D.Rediscovering the fun of cooking.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.My Order Never Arrived
B.Why Uber Eats Gets Less Active
C.What Delivery Apps Can Not Offer Me
D.The Convenience Was Not Worth The Cost

Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming "status" items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.

A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behavior. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates-for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.

【小题1】What is the finding of the new study?
A.Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.
B.CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.
C.The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.
D.The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.
【小题2】Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?
A.They are becoming more affordable.B.They are getting much easier to operate.
C.They take less time to cook than other appliances.D.They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.
【小题3】What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?
A.Improving microwave users' habits.B.Cooking food of different varieties.
C.Eating less to cut energy consumption.D.Using microwave ovens less frequently.
【小题4】What does Professor David Reay try to argue?
A.People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.
B.The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.
C.More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.
D.There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.
【小题5】What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?
A.It'll become less popular in the coming decades.B.It plays a useful role in environmental protection.
C.It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.D.It consumes more power than conventional cooking.

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