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THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE

Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.

Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.

Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’S leading space-exploration centres.

After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”

Under Qians leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successful launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of Chinas aerospace.”

Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.

On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qians death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.

A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT

Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles his world became one of abstract thought.

Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory — and not the steady state theory — was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.

So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Ⅰ. 阅读文章,明确文章主旨。

【小题1】The text is mainly about __________________________________.
【小题2】The Father of China’s Aerospace

para 1: _____________________________

para 2-5: _____________________________

para 6: _____________________________

para 7: _____________________________

【小题3】A World of Pure Thought

para 1: _____________________________

para 2: _____________________________

Para 3: _____________________________

Ⅱ. 根据文章,回答以下问题。

【小题4】Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”?

________________________________________________________________________________

【小题5】How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct?

________________________________________________________________________________

23-24高一下·全国·课前预习
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Flying cars have been growing in popularity in the past few years with even big players such as Boeing and Porsche looking to develop these vehicles. Now, a city in England is hosting the world’s first airport for flying cars.

British-based start-up Urban-Air Port has partnered with car giant Hyundai Motor Group to engineer this futuristic airport in order to give everyone a taste of what is to come in the future of air travel. They are calling their new construction the Urban Air Port. The new project will develop a zero-emission infrastructure (基础设施)that will host the next generation of electric and autonomous air vehicles.

Cars need roads, trains need rails, planes need airports, and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft will need Urban Air Ports — Air-One, which will bring clean urban air transport to the masses and create a new airborne world of zero-emission mobility. The Urban-Air Port will improve connectivity across our cities and boost productivity. An Urban Air Port is 60% smaller than a traditional heliport, can be built in a matter of days, and can be moved to alternative sites if the need arises. It’s also extremely eco-friendly as it emits net-zero carbon emissions.

An Urban Air Port can support any eVTOL aircraft and is ideal for emergency circumstances as il can rapidly deploy drones and other eVTOL aircraft to transport supplies, equipment, and people where needed most.

In I he meantime, Hyundai has stated that it has plans to create its own eVTOL aircraft and is supporting the development of Air-One as part of its plan to commercialize its aircraft by 2028. The new airport was built in Coventry, a oily in central England y and it was ready by the encl of 2021.

【小题1】What is the partnership intended to do?
A.Increase a zero-emission infrastructure.
B.Let people experience future air travel.
C.Construct an advanced futuristic airport.
D.Host the world’s first-class airport for ears.
【小题2】What can we most expect of an Urban Air Port?
A.Environmental protection and connectivity.B.Convenience and Speediness.
C.Productivity as well as advancement.D.Saving energy and power.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “deploy” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Classify.B.Identify.C.Distribute.D.Gather.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Flying Cars Growing in Popularity al An Urban Air Pori
B.eVTOL Aircraft Supporting the Development of Air-One
C.British-based Urban-Air Port with Hyundai Motor Group
D.English City Hosting World-first Electric Flying Car Port

Generation Z-people born in the mid-1990s and the early 2010s-are set to lead the next wave of China’s digital development, said a recent report.

The report said Gen Z are consumers who are willing to spend big on digital products to explore the virtual world. According to the report by internet firm Sina, more than 63 percent of the Gen Z surveyed have a strong interest in metaverse, a term that has become a hot topic in recent months and shows a shared virtual environment in which technologies are combined to create a sense of virtual presence.

They are eager to experience the most advanced technologies like virtual reality and digital human in the metaverse. Up to 26 percent of them even want to keep a pet in the virtual world, the report stated.

“Generation Z is expected to become the new consumption power for the coming digital market. Their way of information acquisition, consumption and living methods have been fixed with great internet characteristics,” said Qiao Yu, deputy head of the Artificial Intelligence Media Research Institute of Sina.

“People enjoy the convenience of fast technology development; they are also advocates of smart life. Generation Z has a richer experience with technology products and is more willing to buy and apply smart devices in daily life. ”

The report found that more than 55 percent of the Gen Z surveyed tend to use intelligent products in their homes while 44 percent would use smart wearable devices in their daily lives.

“For companies that want to find the next sweet spot in the digital world, Generation Z will be an important target group. Their growing desire to display their virtual avatars or assets will contribute to a huge market in the coming years,” said Wu Shichun, founding partner of Plum Ventures.

【小题1】What might the underlined word “metaverse” be according to the text?
A.A new life styleB.A virtual world
C.A digital productD.An advanced technology
【小题2】According to the text, if a company wants to be successful in digital market in the coming year, what should they do?
A.To target young people.B.To provide new experience.
C.To produce cheaper products.D.To display their virtual avatars.
【小题3】Which of the following is true about Generation Z?
A.They are powerful.B.They enjoy smart life.
C.They love to keep pets.D.They like to spend money.
【小题4】Which of the following can be a proper title of the text?
A.Generation ZB.Welcome to the virtual world
C.The convenience of latest technologyD.Report shows Gen Z to ride digital wave

A recent documentary produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) has caused a stir in China and in the UK.

The documentary, titled Are Our Kids Tough Enough? focuses on five Chinese teachers who are sent to teach 50 UK teens at a school in Hampshire.

The teachers instruct the students for a month. The pupils are then tested, and the results are compared to the ones of those who have continued in the regular UK education system. The idea is to see if the Chinese method improves academic performance.

The Chinese teachers use their own teaching methods but receive strong resistance from the students. A clip from the documentary online shows some problems, with Chinese teachers calling their students lazy and lacking in discipline, while the students say the high pressure and harsh teachers are driving them crazy.

This has aroused a new debate in both China and the UK, with some arguing the teenagers need more regulation and discipline. Others say Chinese methods encourage rote learning (死记硬背) instead of independent thinking. For instance, Chinese language teachers should do more than pass on knowledge about words and characters. They should inspire students, helping them feel the sentiment from Chinese literature. This is a higher level of teaching.

Yang Dongping, dean of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, says, “The Chinese teaching methods are designed to strictly train the majority. Foreign teaching methods, however, are more natural and relaxing, and designed to inspire students’ interest in learning. Education methods are based on culture. That is why a successful education method in one place may not work that well when simply ‘transplanted’ into another place.”

Yang Dongping says, “The documentary does reflect some problems rooted in traditional Chinese teaching methods. Nobel prize winner, Yang Zhenning, gave a very fair comment on this issue. He said the Chinese-style education method works for most ordinary qualified students effectively, helping them reach high standards. However, it may weaken the training for high-potential outstanding students.”

【小题1】Why are five Chinese teachers sent to teach 50 UK teens?
A.To test the intelligence of the UK teens.
B.To help the school improve their teaching efficiency.
C.To do some practical research into the UK education system.
D.To test the effectiveness of Chinese teaching methods.
【小题2】What’s the meaning of the underlined word “harsh” in the fourth paragraph?
A.Extremely strictB.Quite friendly
C.Rather coldD.Very attractive
【小题3】According to Yang Dongping, Chinese teaching methods ______.
A.fit all countriesB.could be improved
C.are the best in the worldD.are not as good as British methods

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