In 2050, one in four people will be over 60 in the Asia-Pacific region. Are countries there prepared to fully address the needs of older persons so that they age with dignity?
In the past, senior citizens might have been supported by their families and communities. Yet times are changing.
More than ever, there is an urgent need for policy reform in addressing population aging. This must be driven by a shift in mindset to turn the challenges into a demographic opportunity.
It is noteworthy that, in the Asia-Pacific, with more than half of the older population being women, it is crucial to adopt a life-cycle approach to population aging, grounded in gender equality and human rights. Investing in each stage of life determines the path of a woman’s life course. When a girl has access to quality education, it helps her make informed decisions about life-changing matters.
While there is no single comprehensive policy that can address population aging, we need to take action now.
A.Couples are having fewer babies. |
B.Pensions are increasing, pressuring governments further. |
C.We must rethink population aging, celebrating it as the victory of development. |
D.Migration and urbanization have shifted traditional support systems for the elderly. |
E.The decisions she makes paves the way towards a healthier and wealthier silver age. |
F.We must invest in better policies that focus on the needs of people at every age of their life. |
G.Life-long gender discrimination leaves women even more disadvantaged in an aging society. |
Figures published by the UK government in 2006 revealed that: 42% of marriages in the UK end in divorce: 24% of children grow up in single-parent families: the average number of children in a British family is 1.9.
With the average number of children in a British family falling beneath an average of 2.0, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. The size of the British workforce is declining and the average age of the workforce is rising.
Why aren’t the British having as many children as they used to?
So what is Britain doing to try and save the British family?
A.Well, there is a whole range of reasons. |
B.So what is happening to the British family? |
C.What about marriage and buying a home? |
D.This trend is quite worrying for the British economy. |
E.It’s a bad “work-life balance” and is damaging British society. |
F.First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. |
G.The main reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. |
To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility(生育)in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.
This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden
enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and 1975, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And the population reached 6.2 billion throughout the world by the year 2000, One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population, At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 800000,000 persons annually.
【小题1】The underlined word "demographic" in Paragraph l means .
A.extinction of human |
B.statistics of human population |
C.death rate of human |
D.development of human population |
A.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase. |
B.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increases in the number added each year. |
C.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population. |
D.A long period when death rates exceed birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality. |
A.only one in ten persons could live past 40. |
B.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children |
C.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places |
D.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions |
A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future |
B.find out the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years |
C.present us a brief and clear picture of the demographic growth |
D.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650 |
According to the recent (最近的) report, five of the ten most populous (人口众多的) countries are in Asia, three in the Americas, and one each in Europe and Africa. With over 1.4 billion people, China has the largest population in the world. India comes in second with 1.355 billion, and the United States comes in third with around 328 million. Indonesia comes in fourth and Pakistan comes in fifth of the world’s most populous countries.
However, China is facing a serious aging population problem now. To solve the problem, China began relaxing its family planning policy (生育政策) in 2012. It said that if either one of the couples was the only child of their parents, they could have two children in 2013. And in 2016, China further relaxed the two-child policy (二胎政策) to all couples. In 2021, China allowed all couples to have three children.
However, a good family planning policy alone is not enough. The government should find ways to lower the cost of raising children and improve the elderly care services. Also, a friendly social and cultural environment should be provided for couples who want to have three children.
【小题1】Half of the ten most populous countries are in .A.The Americas | B.Asia | C.Africa |
A.China and the US. | B.Indonesia and China. | C.India and China. |
A.In 2012. | B.In 2013. | C.In 2016. |
A.The changes of China’s family planning policy. |
B.The influence of China’s family planning policy. |
C.The problem of China’s family planning policy. |
A.need more people’s help | B.need to do more work | C.should take care of elderly people |
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