The 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine of 2015 was rewarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), a committed and patient Chinese scientist, whose research led【小题1】the discovery of artemisinin. Artmisinin has become a vital treatment for malaria and it is estimated【小题2】artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.

According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon【小题3】(hear) that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “ The honour is not just【小题4】(I). There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of 【小题5】(tradition) Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine【小题6】(spread) around the world.”

At 10:30 a.m. in our English lesson tomorrow, we 【小题1】(start) to further discuss the difference between a novelist and a professor. Actually, we already know the former mostly uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire people’s passion by 【小题2】(write) novels, while the latter pays more attention to academic research. A politician wants 【小题3】(found) his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous 【小题4】(contribute) to the world, the most well-known 【小题5】(be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc². He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933, 【小题6】 Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions 【小题7】(close) to him. As 【小题8】 consequence, he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Einstein was not only a genius, but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities, he 【小题9】(admire) by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. It was on 18 April 1955 【小题10】 Einstein passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

During his lifetime (from 551 to 479 BC), Confucius saw 【小题1】 (grow) disorder and injustice in the society. Due to the problems he saw, he devoted 【小题2】 (he) to developing a new set of moral rules 【小题3】 (base) on five virtues: respect, kindness, honesty, truthfulness and loyalty (忠诚). These virtues later became the basis for religious and moral life throughout China.

Respect and loyalty were two 【小题4】 (particular) important cornerstones in Confucius’ moral 【小题5】 (principle). They have been extended to the living as well as the dead, and paying respect to ancestors has become 【小题6】 extremely important Chinese tradition.

Confucius also believed that a good government was the basis for a 【小题7】 (peace) and happy society. And the basis for a good government was good officials. In order to become a good official, a person was required 【小题8】 (master) the above five virtues.

Although Confucius was a member of the upper class, he believed education and knowledge belonged 【小题9】 anyone who had the desire to learn. So he opened a school in his big house, in 【小题10】 many of his poor students lived with him.