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It’s rare that you see the words “shyness” and “leader” in the same sentence. After all, the common opinion is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent net-workers and that those shy people are not.

A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of managers who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy — they’re just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few “innies”.

Shy people take a cautious approach to chance. They listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They’re listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They are intrinsically (内在地) motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.

Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they “own” the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image.

Shyness is often related to modesty. Not to say that limelight-seekers (引人注目的人) aren’t modest, but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements. As a result, they are able to recognize mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.

Since shy people have a lower desire for outside rewards than outgoing ones, they’re more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren’t primarily apparent. Albert Einstein once said, “It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s that I stay with problems longer.” Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.

【小题1】What is the traditional belief to the shy people?
A.They are good at making friends.
B.They are not popular with people.
C.They like making speeches in public.
D.They are unlikely to become leaders.
【小题2】What does the underlined words refer to?
A.Shy people.B.Public speakers.
C.Net-workers.D.Survey conductor.
【小题3】What makes shy people succeed more easily according to the author?
A.They focus on achieving themselves outside rewards.
B.They make the best of the power of presence actively.
C.They realize their abilities and imperfections clearly.
D.They perform more confidently than outgoing people.
【小题4】How does the author support his ideas?
A.By making contrasts and giving examples.
B.By quoting authorities and making evaluations.
C.By explaining problems and providing solutions.
D.By giving definitions and presenting research results.
23-24高二上·山东德州·阶段练习
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According to scientists’ research, the month in which babies are born could affect them in some ways. Babies born in spring get sick easily. Children born under Aquarius (Jan. 21st ----Feb. 19th)may be less clever than those born in other seasons. They may also have shorter lives than those born in autumn. Scientists believe many of the differences can be explained by the mother's exposure to sunlight in pregnancy(怀孕).

Sunlight helps lead to the production of Vitamin(维生素) D in the body. The lack (缺乏)of vitamin D in the first months of life may have a bad effect on health.


Vitamin D is called the "sunshine vitamin". It has a good effect on health. A study showed that people born from April to June had slightly shorter lives than those born in October, November or December. Similar studies in the USA showed that people born in autumn lived about 160 days longer than those born in spring.
Professor Russell Foster said the conclusions were surprising and interesting. He added, "These are small effects but they are very, very clear. I am not giving voice to star signs and they are just for fun. But it is true that we are affected by our season of birth."
【小题1】Babies born in ______get sick easily.
A.summerB.spring
C.autumnD.winter
【小题2】What does the underlined word “exposure” mean in Chinese?
A.偏爱B.抗拒
C.过敏D.暴露
【小题3】What can we know about vitamin D according to the passage?
A.It comes from sunlightB.It doesn’t help people live longer
C.Sunlight prevents its’ productionD.It has a good effect on health

You know the feeling — your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb (麻木的), and you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, but you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic (自讨苦吃的), or is there something else going on? 【小题1】

Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour and bitten — it’s a sensation. 【小题2】. When we eat foods containing capsaicin (辣椒素), our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. In trying to relieve the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins (内啡肽) which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure — like painkillers.

This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr Tamara Rosenbaum, a Cognitive Neuroscientist, explains in an interview with the BBC that this is 【小题3】. Furthermore, we obtain pleasure from the other ingredients chilli is generally cooked and eaten with—including fat, sugar and salt. So — like skydiving — eating chilli is a form of thrill-seeking, 【小题4】

Humans, one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin, started cultivating chilli peppers about six thousand years ago. Human intervention changed the chilli pepper to suit human tastes and needs — including the pepper’s colour, size and capsaicin content-helping to explain the many different types of chilli peppers now available. 【小题5】. We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea.

A.It lies in both science and history
B.where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation
C.This is caused by a chemical compound called ‘capsaicin’
D.It has something to do with human nature and body composition
E.why Steamed Fish Head with Chillies enjoys great popularity among Hunanese
F.Fast-forward to today, and our love affair with the chilli pepper is going strong
G.because we know that the burning sensation of chilli does not physically harm us

Yawning sends out certain messages-it can be either “oh, this movie is so boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?

A new study, led by. Andrew Gallup from Princeton University and Omar Eldakar from the University of Arizona, both in the US, has indicated that yawning could be the brain’s natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily.com.

The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower outside the body, there is heat exchange between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter.

When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched (拉伸), which enhances blood f low and may also help cool the brain.

The study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer people spent outside in summer, the less they yawned. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percentage was reduced to less than 10 percent.

However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime.

According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawning frequencies change depending on season. This could help us to better understand the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease.

【小题1】What happens when people yawn?
A.Their brains feel cooler.B.They avoid feeling bored.
C.Their blood flow slows down.D.Their brains feel more energetic.
【小题2】What can we conclude from the new study?
A.The longer people spend outside in winter, the less they yawn.
B.People have different yawning frequencies in different seasons.
C.Yawning is designed to help the body cool down in hot weather.
D.There’s a bigger change in yawning frequencies in winter than in summer.
【小题3】Which is Gallup’s opinion about yawning in the last paragraph?
A.Yawning reduces the risk of brain disease.
B.Stopping yawning halfway harms the human brain.
C.It’s better to stay indoors more if they yawn a lot.
D.Yawning often means something is wrong with the brain.
【小题4】What do we learn from the article?
A.People yawn more in cold weather.B.People yawn when they feel exhausted.
C.People yawn so their brains can get a rest.D.People stop yawning when they move outdoors.

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