How can we reduce the risk?

There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurring—often an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.

Removing the Threat

Clearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures, for example, building protective works such as walls to make lava (熔岩) flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale eruption.

Planning for the Future

Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(葱郁的)，rolling land of a quiet volcano.

Disaster Preparedness (预案)

When a volcano comes to life, a few weeks may not be enough time to avoid a tragedy. Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur, people must be educated about volcanic dangers. Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media, and the general public should be practiced. Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.

If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope (斜坡), 21,000 people—90 percent of the town’s people—died.

How You Open Your Car Door Matters to Cyclists

The "Dutch reach” isn’t a new dance move or a random YouTube challenge. It' s a simple move that can help prevent harm to cyclists. And you might keep your car door safe in the process, too. 【小题1】

Typically, a person sitting in the driver’s seat of a car opens the door with the hand closest to it. It makes sense since doors are designed to be opened that way.   【小题2】But if you happen to do that at the wrong time, you may unknowingly create an obstacle for a passing cyclist. The cyclist might be knocked down off the bike. The car door is likely to be damaged by the fast-moving bicycle.

【小题3】 However, the car door design and long-time habits have made the process automatically. Luckily, there ‘s a simple way to solve the problem. Open your car door with your other hand, using the Dutch reach. So instead of using your left hand, reach for the door handle with your right hand. 【小题4】At the very least, you' ll look into your side view mirror to check for any traffic.

The Dutch are used to opening their car doors this way. All Dutch are taught it. It' s part of regular driver education. The technique dates back about 50 or 60 years in the Netherlands. In 2016 an American named Michael Charney started the Dutch Reach Project. He wanted to popularize the practice in the United States. Charney’ s efforts may be paying off. 【小题5】

Getting a college education isn’t supposed to be easy. 【小题1】 But they will make a little easier and more fun to be a college student.

Get your textbooks for free or at least for cheap

Once you have your reading lists in hand, get yourself to your university’s library as soon as possible. If they have copies of your required textbooks, you can check one out 【小题2】 Certain ILL will come with fees for postage or photocopying, which you’ll have to pay. But it’s still cheaper than a brand-new textbook.

Find the right note-taking and study systems for you

Your brain works differently from your classmates’, which means there’s no one system for successfully taking notes. Experimentation is key. 【小题3】 The same goes for studying. Just try different techniques until something clicks.

Prioritize (优先) your mental health

Even when it’s a net positive, going off to college is a huge disturbance (干扰) to your daily life. When you throw work pressure and money stress into the mix, it can have a serious effect on your mental health.

【小题4】 Trying the pain scale (疼痛量表) to assess you revel. It a quick simple technique for managing your feelings so you can figure out where you’re at. Once you know how you’re feeling, it’s easier to decide your next steps.

Stay active

Exercising makes stress less, helps manage anxiety and makes you feel physically stronger. If you want to grow well in college, find a physical activity you like enough to do every day. You should do something to challenge your upper body to balance out all that laziness over books and computers. 【小题5】